Agris category codes: L01, Q03
COBISS
1.01
Language: English
Animal production systems as a selective environment
for antibiotic resistance genes
1
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Biology,
Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
In the last decade antibiotic usage in animal production
systems has received a considerable public attention. The use, overuse and
misuse of antibiotics provided an excellent environment for the selection
and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes
across a wide diversity of bacteria, mainly through horizontal gene
transfer. Resistance genes move between animal and human bacteria mainly
through the food chain. Thus resistance generated in animal production
environments could result in the loss of effectiveness of antibiotics used
for the treatment of human diseases. The increasing threat of emerging
bacterial pathogens resistant to a variety of antibiotics and the economic
and human burden have moved the legislators in EU to ban antibiotic usage in
animal food production as growth promoters in 2006 and recently proposed
further non-binding recommendations to ban antibiotics for prophylactic use
too. The costs for such actions will presumably be much lower in comparison
to the costs of leaving the issue as it is. However, in non EU countries
such measures have not been adopted yet. The mechanisms and examples of
antibiotic resistance development and dissemination are described, focusing
on antibiotics used both in human and veterinary medicine and animal food
production.
Agris category codes: L10
COBISS
1.01 Language: English
SETTING UP A GENE EXPRESSION STUDY FOR TISSUE CELLS BY METHOD OF
QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR
Daliborka DUŠANIĆ, Luka BOLHA, Mojca
NARAT,
1
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) allows accurate and
sensitive measurment of gene expression levels. However, a series of steps
needs to be taken to ensure the relevance, accuracy, correct interpretation
and repeatability of the RT-qPCR experiment. We describe here a simple
experiment of determining relative gene expression for caspase 8 gene in
chicken chondrocytes treated with an apoptosis inducing compound
5-fluorouracil. We use this example to point out some important guidelines
in setting up a gene expression study in tissue cells, analyzing and
interpreting the results and reporting on the findings.
Agris
category codes:
Q04 COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Determination of free amino acid content in the
Slovenian dry-cured ham »Kraški pršut« and product characterization
1,
Špela VELIKONJA BOLTA, Martin ŠKRLEP, Marjeta ČANDEK-POTOKAR, Maja PREVOLNIK
1Agricultural
Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical
profile of dry-cured ham selected and processed in accordance with the
Slovenian consortium rules for »Kraški pršut« and to investigate the
differences between the Biceps femoris (BF) and the
Semimembranosus (SM) muscle. The free amino acid content, moisture,
salt, protein, total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, proteolysis index,
intramuscular fat and dry matter were analysed in 135 samples of dry-cured
hams including both muscles. A modified method for sample preparation was
developed for determination of free amino acids in dry-cured ham. The method
was validated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification,
precision and uncertainty. According to the validation parameters the method
is appropriate for the determination of free amino acid content in dry-cured
ham. Higher content for several free amino acids and total free amino acids
were determined in the BF muscle compared to the SM muscle.
Skatole content, determined with
spectrofotometric method in fat tissue of boars of different age and three
genotypes
[*]
1,
Mojca KOMAN-RAJŠP, Milena KOVAČ, Špela MALOVRH
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Due to tendency for banning surgical castration of boars,
alternatives such as fattening of boars for human consumption are being
considered. Primary problem in boar`s meat consumption is boar`s taint,
which is to a large extent the result of skatole (3-methyl indole) content.
Spectrophotometric method for determination of skatole in fat tissue was
introduced. Samples from three genotypes of boars from five different
breedings, aged between 101 and 310 days were collected. When introducing
the method, the first group of samples was analyzed, the samples that were
obtained later represented a second group. Introduced method is repeatable
(coefficient of variability, CV = 13.6), reproducible (CV = 21.3) and has
good recovery (96%). Skatole content in boar’s back fat in first group was
between 0.01 to 0.62 ppm, on average 0.23 ppm. The second group contained on
average 0.71 ppm skatol (between 0.07 and 1.26 ppm). Effect of genotype,
breeder and age on skatole content was not found.
[*]
This article is a part of the doctoral dissertation »Meat and fat
quality od Slovenian local pig genotypes«, issued by Marjeta Žemva,
supervisor Prof. Milena Kovač, Ph.D.
Agris category codes:
L02
COBISS
1.01
Language: English
Growth response of broiler chickens fed
graded levels of yeast treated raw soya bean and full fat soya bean
Ifeoma Jane ONWUMELU,
1,
Orienru Job AKPODIETE
1
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025 Awka,
Anambra State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study was designed to determine the effect of
replacing Full Fat Soya Bean (FFSB) in parts with Raw Soya Bean (RSB)
treated with graded level of yeast in the diet of broiler birds. A total of
fifteen diets were formulated whereby RSB replaced FSSB at 0% (control),
25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, but each of these having three levels of treatment
with yeast and without yeast as a control. Mean weight gain and final body
weight of the broilers followed the same pattern of no differences in
treatment means. Results obtained for the entire production period (0–56
days) showed that birds that were fed diet containing 75% FFSB, 25% RSB and
8 g/kg yeast compared favourably with those that were fed the control diet
regarding final body weight, weight gain, average daily gain, feed intake,
and the feed : gain ratio. Our study revealed that RSB at the levels fed
with and without yeast inclusion had no effect on broiler chicken lethality.
However, optimal performance was achieved when RSB was fed at 25% with 6
g/kg yeast inclusion at starter phase and at 25% without yeast or 75% with
12 g/kg yeast inclusion at finisher phase.
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of
feeding system on growth and carcass characteristics of Improved
Jezersko-Solčava (JSR) weaned lambs. Thirty-five lambs (25.48 kg) housed in
group pens were divided into four groups and offered different diets which
consisted of hay and second harvest in the ratio of 40:60 and a supplement
of 650 g concentrate (Diet 1), hay and second harvest in the ratio of 40:60
(Diet 2), hay and 650 g of concentrate (Diet 3), and just hay (Diet 4) for
50 days. Daily intake was calculated by weighting the offered amount and
leftovers of concentrate and forage. Daily intake per lamb contained 15.56
MJ, 14.38 MJ, 16.57 MJ, and 12.23 MJ ME for the Diet 1, 2, 3, and 4,
respectively. Lambs were slaughtered at 30.77 kg of live weight. Lambs fed
Diet 1 reached the highest DG (165.5 g/day), followed by Diet 3 (146.89
g/day), Diet 2 (123.55 g/day) and Diet 4 (75.51 g/day). HCW and CCW were
higher in Diet 1 and 3, compared to Diet 2 and 4. Lambs fed Diet 3 had the
highest DP (45.35%), followed by Diet 1, 2, and 4 with 44.33, 41.10 and
39.51%, respectively. The lowest kidney-pelvic fat was observed in lambs fed
Diet 4 (5.64) and the highest in Diet 3 (7.66). These results demonstrate
that fattening of weaned JSR lambs fed by forage-concentrate diets produced
heavier carcasses than those only fed by forage, without significant effects
on carcass fatness or carcass conformation.
Research of complex management
problems – an example of policy evaluation
ABSTRACT
Recognition that the society has become complex, means
that the truth about social issues such as about identification of public
interest or about policy effectiveness is not a single one, e.i. the
official one of those in power, but there are a variety of well-founded and
equally valid truths. The public management is complex, therefore different
views do not share common denominator; they should therefore be regarded as
incommensurable. This means that it is necessary to examine the social
phenomena in their duality between the interpretation of the primary
meanings, which are constitutive for the system as a whole, but on the
deeply divisive way, and the interpretation of the secondary meanings of the
evaluated social phenomenon, but only in the contents of which are not
essential for anyone.
Key words: public management /
valuation / complexity / incommensurability
