Peter Pavel Glavar's rules for the school of
horticulture and bee keeping in Lanšprež in the year 1781
Andrej
ŠALEHAR 1
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Peter Pavel Glavar has published his rules for the school
of horticulture in Lanšprež as an annex to his paper on advancement of bee
keeping in Carniola »Predlog za dvig čebelarstva na Kranjskem«) which was on
December 17, 1781 submitted to the Carniolan Agricultural Society. The rules
include: plan for regulation of the status of the state teacher of
apiculture, regulation for the apprentices, plan for the general api- and
horticulture school under auspices of estate Lanšprež and learning plan for
the curator. The rules for the school of apiculture, as formulated by
Glavar, were not found before. Glavar has among other regulations also
defined that teaching should be carried out in local (Slovene) language, bee
keeping should be performed in joint apiaries and bee keeping measures
should be taken after inspection of bee hives. The rules were not accepted
nor approved formally, due to the court decret on abolition of public
teachers for apiculture, published on October 31, 1781. Glavar opened the
school of apiculture in Lanšprež in 1781.
Key words: apiculture /
history / education / Slovenia
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Major poultry pathogens, Mycoplasma gallisepticum
and Mycoplasma synoviae possess cysteine protease CysP, which
in vitro cleaves chicken immunoglobulin G (IgG) into Fab
(antigen-binding fragment) and Fc (crystallisable region fragment). We used
recombinant CysP of M. synoviae (rCysP) in enzyme immunoassays to
detect antibodies to CysP in sera, synovial fluids, and in washings of
respiratory tract and oviducts of chickens and turkeys experimentally or
naturally infected with M. gallisepticum or M. synoviae.
In poultry infected with M. synoviae, 70.4 % of samples contained
antibodies reacting with rCysP. In birds infected with M. gallisepticum
we detected CysP antibodies in 63.1 % of samples. Our data demonstrate that
CysP is immunogenic for chickens and turkeys and indicate that M.
gallisepticum and M. synoviae infecting chickens and turkeys
synthesise CysP in vivo. This is the first study demonstrating that
proteases of any Mycoplasma species can induce production of
specific antibodies in the natural host.
Agris
category codes: L01, L50 COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Assessing the thermo-tolerance potentials of
five commercial layer chicken genotypes under long-term heat stress
environment as measured by their performance traits
1,
Stefan MAAK, Heinz PINGEL, Gerhard von LENGERKEN
1
Hawassa University, Institute of Animal
and Range Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia and Hohenheim
University, Institute of Animal Nutrition,
Emil-Wolfs-Str. 8 & 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to test the thermo-tolerance
ability of five commercial chicken genotypes (Lohmann Brown, LB; Lohmann
White, LW; New Hampshire, NH; White Leghorn selected for low feed
expenditure, WL-FE and White Leghorn with sex-linked dwarf gene, WL-dw)
under long-term heat exposure. Two-hundred forty female chickens were
assigned to a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangements
(five genetic groups and two ambient temperatures [thermo-neutral, 18–20 °C;
heat stress, 30–32 °C]). Individual eggs were collected on daily basis while
egg weight and feed intake were determined on individual and group basis at
28-days intervals, respectively. Shell quality traits were determined at 25,
40 and 56 weeks age. No Genotype × ambient temperature interactions were
found except for body weight and egg deformation. Chickens at thermo-neutral
temperature produced significantly heavier eggs than those of heat-exposed
(60 g vs. 54 g). Hen-housed egg production of chickens in thermo-neutral
temperature was significantly higher than those of heat-stressed (76.8 % vs.
66.2 %). Daily egg mass production at thermo-neutral and heat stressed
chickens was 46 g and 35.8 g, respectively. Feed consumption in
heat-stressed and thermo-neutral chickens was 109 and 80.8 g, respectively.
Shell thickness, breaking strength and Haugh unit values were significantly
reduced in heat-stressed chickens. Among heat-exposed chickens, the NH had
the highest body weight while the LW produced 10 % more eggs than the group
average. The heat-induced effect on shell quality traits was lowest in LW
chickens. The results indicated that the magnitude of heat stress was breed
dependent in which the LB showed poor adaptability to heat stress while both
NH and LW genotypes demonstrated better thermo-tolerance ability.
Nutritional needs of donkeys and their
most frequent nutrition-related diseases
Valentina ŽALIG,
1,
Igor UJČIČ VRHOVNIK, Klementina FON TACER
1Univ. of. Ljubljana, Veterinary Fac., Institute of
hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, Gerbičeva 60,
SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the number of donkey’s owners is
increasing in Slovenia and in other western countries. Historically, donkeys
were used as working animals, in particular in areas where feed was scarce,
due to their lower requirements and better endurance compared to horses. In
contrast, nowadays donkeys are of little economic value, being primarily
kept as pets or companion animals. Despite their similarity, donkeys and
horses differ in some critical physiological characteristics that should not
be neglected, in particular nutrition and feeding strategy. Donkeys have
evolved to live in semi-arid environments in Sub-Saharan Africa with only
poor quality, highly fibrous vegetation. In our environment they have to be
carefully fed not to become overweight that can lead to several metabolic
disorders. The lack of physical activity, rich diet and absence of
nutritional requirements for donkeys that have been until recently
extrapolated from horse nutrition are some of the main reasons for
increasing overweight and obesity incidence among donkeys in developed
world. In the review article we present the important characteristics of
donkey’s nutrition and digestion, current understanding of donkey nutrient
requirements in comparison to horses and obesity related comorbidities, such
as hyperlipidemia, laminitis and equine metabolic syndrome.
Agris category codes:
Q05
COBISS
1.01
Language: English
Vitamin and mineral nutritional status
of healthy pregnant women improved by nutrient supplements
1,Ksenija PODGRAJŠEK, Nataša FIDLER
MIS, Evgen BENEDIK, Irena ROGELJ, Marjan SIMČIČ
1 Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Food
Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Including varied and healthy food in daily diet that
contains adequate amounts of nutrients is vital during pregnancy, especially
when there is an increased requirement for several micronutrients. The aim
of this study was to evaluate vitamin and mineral status of healthy pregnant
women (N = 69) and to determine whether nutrient supplements improve their
nutritional status. The evaluation of nutritional status was done by Prodi
5.7 Expert Plus computer programme and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 for
statistical analysis. Nutrient intake of vitamins C, D, E, folic acid and
minerals iron, iodine, calcium and sodium were compared with Reference
values for nutrient intake (2004). Results of our study show that the most
problematic nutrients are folate, iron and vitamin D. Intake of vitamins and
minerals with food is of concern, as 46.4 % of all participants are
indicated as women with poor nutritional status (sufficient in two or less
nutrients), moreover none of them met the demand for six out of seven
studied nutrients. Taking supplementation into account, 27.5 % of
participants covered the need for six or more nutrients, however almost a
quarter of studied subjects still remain in the group with poor nutritional
status. In conclusion among participants who decided to take supplements,
the vast majority of them improved their vitamin-mineral status moreover few
of them improved their status significantly. Therefore the use of nutrient
supplements could on average improve vitamin-mineral status as intake with a
diet is obviously inadequate.
Key words: human nutrition /
nutritional status / pregnant women / micronutrient intake / nutrient
supplements
Outlook of European integration processes’ market
effects applying partial equilibrium model – the case of Macedonia
[*]
1,
Stane KAVČIČ, Emil ERJAVEC
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
A dynamic mostly recursive synthetic partial equilibrium
model is developed to assess the consequences of integration and reform
processes on agriculture markets. A series of single equations representing
markets for grains and livestock produce an inter-linked system. The system
of equation for each commodity is solved through the net trade. Domestic
prices are linked to EU prices by price transmission equations. Prices and
policy instruments determine levels of production and consumption across
commodities. Parameters are synthetically determined due to scarce and
unreliable data. Developed model was tested for Macedonian (FYRM)
agriculture. Despite highlighted problems, the impact multipliers prove that
the complete system can respond to exogenous shocks as was a priori
expected, given biological and economic constraints. The baseline
incorporates continuation of domestic agricultural policy coupled to
production and price paths that closely follow the EU ones. In case FYRM
joins the EU in 2015, three alternative scenarios were analysed. If the
price convergence scenario were realized, the production of all agricultural
products would increase and consumption would fall due to their higher
prices, except for pork where prices are implying opposite outcomes.
Alternatively, the CAP scenario assumes new (decoupled) measures as well as
larger agricultural budget, so the production of all agricultural
commodities except pork would increase. This would, in turn, lead to
substantial increase of feedstuffs demands, while the increase in demands
for meat would be marginal. If both scenarios would occur at the same time,
all results would mainly be aggregated effects of both separate scenarios
with some minor differences due to sub-markets interactions.
[*]
This article is a part of the doctoral
dissertation »A partial equilibrium model of agricultural markets
for estimating the economic effects of integration and reform
processes« issued by Darja Regoršek, Ph.D., supervisor Prof. Emil
Erjavec, Ph.D.
