Effect of storage period and egg
weight on hatchability in Prelux-G chickens
Dušan TERČIČ 1,
Tea SMERDU
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical
Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was to
determine the influence of storage period and egg weight
on hatchability of Slovenian provenance Prelux-G eggs.
The layer breeders were reared in partially slatted
floor pens. At the beginning of the experiment they were
31 weeks old and at the end 35 weeks. Hatching eggs were
collected daily and kept in one farm storage compartment
at the temperature 15 °C. Eggs were classed by storage
period (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days) and egg
weight size categories (XL-extra large, L-large,
M-medium and S-small). The highest hatchability
(88.97 %) was obtained at six days storage time. In
comparison with this result, the hatchability of fresh
eggs (74.63 %), 12 days storage time (74.99 %) and 14
days storage time (62.87 %) was significantly (P < 0.01)
lower. Hatchability was insignificantly (P > 0.05) lower
in small sized eggs (78.97 %) and significantly
(P < 0.01) lower in large sized eggs (76.72 %) than in
medium sized eggs (82.44 %). The highest percentage of
dead embryos was recorded at 14 days storage time
(26.90 %) and in large sized eggs (19.72 %). The average
body weight of the chicks produced from the eggs of
older hens was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than
those from younger hens.
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical
Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
The search for fat composition and
content that is favourable in intramuscular fat (IMF)
for fresh meat quality and at the same time in
subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCF) for processed meat
products, within the same breed, is reflected in the
growing interest in native pig breeds. The aim of this
study was to determine the fatty acid composition of the
IMF of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) and adjacent
SCF from the Slovenian indigenous Krškopolje pig. The
type of fat from the 42 Krškopolje pig significantly
affected the proportions of 29 of the 35 fatty acids
measured here. The SCF contained higher proportions of
saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFA) and correspondingly less monounsaturated
fatty acids (MUFA) than the IMF. Taking the extremes,
the IMF at 6–10 % of the LD had higher proportions of
SFA and MUFA and less PUFA than the IMF at 2–3 %. The
thicker SCF (57–67 mm) was higher in SFA and lower in
PUFA than thinner (30–40 mm). Sex and age also affected
fatty acid composition; the fat from barrows was higher
in MUFA and lower in PUFA than that from gilts, and with
increasing age, MUFA content increased.
Agris
category codes: Q02 COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Seashell
specialties and food handling in Slovene Istria
restaurants
1,
Tadeja JAKUS, Mojca BIZJAK
1Univ. of
Primorska, Fak. of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI-6310
Izola, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the research was to
evaluate the offer of seashell specialties in Slovene
Istria restaurants, and to assess food safety knowledge
(gained through formal and informal education) as well
as to assess the behaviour of food handlers in preparing
shell dishes. A self-administered questionnaire was
designed that included four sections: a demographic
section, a general section, a restaurant menu offer, and
a food safety section related to preparation of seashell
specialties. Seashell specialties were offered in 41
restaurants, of which the employed food handlers 24
attended formal education and 17 informal education.
Seashells specialties and seashell menus are commonly
part of the culinary and gastronomic specialties along
the Slovene coast, with the most frequently offered main
dish being “Blue Mussels alla Busara”. Results the
questionnaire indicated poor food safety knowledge and
poor behaviour regardless of the (in)formal education of
those who prepared the dishes. We propose that formal
education for catering workers preparing shell dishes
should be much more emphasized.
Agris
category codes:
L50 COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Student
performance study: the outcomes of metabolic,
molecular and physical-chemical characterization of
intestinal tract microbiome on a four mammalian
species model
Nataša CIBER, Mateja DOLENC, Benjamin
DRAKSLAR, Andreja GAZVODA, Nika KLINEC, Bojan PAPIÆ,
Anja PUGELJ, Katarina ŠIMUNOVIÆ, Tamara ZORAN, Tina
ZUPANČIČ,
1
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical
Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Many environmental factors influence
the structure of microbial communities, their activity
and properties of the environment of the digestive
tract. Contrary to constant disturbances, the system
provides the basis for energy conversion and thus the
long-term stable coexistence of different hosts and
their specific intestinal microbiota over geological
timescales. Since the methodological approaches proved
to be the largest source of systematic errors in
comparisons of microbial communities among different
organisms of the same species or between different
species, we tested a number of methods on samples from
different species of mammals in order to verify the
feasibility of this approach for future routine analysis
of microbiomes:(i) analyses of physical-chemical
parameters;(ii)the metabolic properties of attached,
planktonic fractions in comparison to the
total;(iii)structure of microbial communities of
bacteria and archaea; (iv)data analysis. We used a model
of intestinal samples from four species of mammals,
encompassing the differences between the various types
of intestinal tracts: ruminants and rodents (such as
pre- and post- peptic fermentors), omnivores and
carnivores. The second purpose of the study was
to(i)assess the extent of spread of data due to the
cooperation of the various operators on the data
obtained, and(ii) to evaluate the skills of the students
to carry out industry-oriented investigations and
measurements in 1st year of MSc study Microbiology;
and(iii) to promote awareness of the importance of
routine laboratory work day and the corresponding
duties. The results suggest(i)that the operators
independently organized and shared
tasks;(ii)successfully completed all methods;(iii)obtain
relevant information;(iv)critically evaluated and
interpreted within the extent of their knowledge;(v)
that relative standard deviation(RSD) typically could be
compared to those of the automated analytical
procedures(<10 %) and therefore represented the maximum
extent of the variability of the biological material
itself. It follows that the motivated MSc students were
able to uphold the unknown protocols under supervision
and perform laboratory and analytical complex
experimental task, process and interpret results, and
approximate performance of analytical procedures in
industrial laboratories to generate data sets of
acceptable high-quality.
Ruminococcus
flavefaciens 007C cellulosomes and
cellulase consortium
[*]
1
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical
Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Ruminococcus flavefaciens is
among the most important cellulolytic bacterial species
in rumen and gastrointestinal tract of monogastric
herbivorous animals. Its efficiency in degradation of
(hemi)cellulosic substrates is associated with the
production of remarkably intricate extracellular
multienzyme complexes, named cellulosomes. In the
present work we investigated the cellulolytic system of
007C. The bioinformatic analysis of the draft genome
sequence revealed identical organization of sca
gene cluster as has previously been found in four other
strains of R. flavefaciens. The cluster
consists of five genes in the following order:
scaC-scaA-scaB-cttA-scaE. The cellulases of R.
flavefaciens 007C belong to four families of
glycoside hydrolases, namely GH48, GH44, GH9 in GH5.
Majority of these enzymes are putative endoglucanases,
belonging to families GH5 and GH9, whereas only one gene
encoding GH44 and GH48 was found. Apart from catalytic
domains, most of these proteins also contain dockerins –
signature sequences, which indicate their attachement to
cellulosomes. On the other hand, carbohydrate-binding
modules were only found coupled to GH9 catalytic
domains. Zymogram analysis showed that larger
endoglucanases were mostly constitutively expressed,
wheras smaller enzymes were only detected in later
phases of Avicel-grown cultures.
This article is a part of the doctoral
dissertation »Cellulolytic system of bacterium
Ruminococcus flavefaciens strains 007C and 007S«,
issued by Maša Vodovnik, supervisor Prof. Romana
Marinšek Logar, Ph.D.
Insights into
aerobic microbial community in the Kamniška Bistrica
river sediment with culture-dependent and molecular
biology approach
1
1
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical
Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
River systems are exposed to
anthropogenic disturbances, including chemical pollution
and eutrophication. They may affect a structure and
diversity of microbial communities in river sediment.
The aim of the study was to describe diversity and
structure of a bacterial community in the Kamniška
Bistrica river sediment using culture-dependent and
molecular methods. Sediment samples were collected from
three sampling stations along the Kamniška Bistrica
river: upstream (Kamniška Bistrica), midstream (Vir) and
downstream (Bišče), and physico-chemical analysis was
conducted on-site. Isolates were recovered from three
different agar plate media (LB, NB in R2A) and micro- as
well as macromorphologically described. DNA was
extracted from pure cultures and directly from sediment
samples, and 16S rRNA gene segments were PCR amplified
using universal bacterial primers. The PCR products were
subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
(DGGE). The results showed that the DGGE was an
appropriate method for monitoring the changes in the
community structure of the river sediment and allows to
determine the impact of environmental factors on
bacterial diversity. The comparative analysis of the
DGGE profiles from isolates and sediment samples showed
that the DGGE banding patterns revealed different
bacterial community structures for all three sampling
stations, while the DGGE profiles of isolates did not
represent dominant bacterial populations of the
sediment. On the bases of the DGGE profiles, 25 isolates
were chosen and their 16S rRNA genes were amplified and
sequenced. All partial nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA
genes were preleminary taxonomically identified by using
BLAST. The majority of sequenced isolates belonged to
bacteria normally present in aquatic environments.
