Research Rept. Biotechnical Fac. University of Ljubljana Agricultural Issue. Zootechnica 70(1997)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Aleš KMECL, B. Sc. Agric.

Elizabeta KMECL^a), Cvetka GRBEC and Jerneja ŠKERJANEC
^a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
^*present address: Hudo 56, SI-1235 Radomlje, Slovenia

Bibliography
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
The bibliography includes 102 published and unpublished (reports, projects,...) works, written in the years 1962 to 1997. Bibliographic notes are in chronological, yearly order.

 

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ISOLATION OF BUTYRIC ACID PRODUCING XYLANOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM THE RUMEN

Maša ZOREC^a), Romana MARINŠEK LOGAR^b) and G. AVGUŠTIN
^a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
Xylans are major components of plant materials and a lot of the rumen bacterial species possess enzymes with xylanolytic activity. Recently we isolated eight xylanolytic strains from the rumen and determined metabolic end products, sugar fermentation profiles and enzymatic activities. All were Gram-negative, rod-like (except one coccoid), butyric acid producing bacteria that possess xylan-inducible xylanases. Four groups of isolates were provisionally founded (A, B, C, D). Most of the strains can not be classified into any of the established rumen xylanolytic species and further genotypic and phenotypic characterisation are needed in order to confirm our findings, suggesting the discovery of new rumen bacterial species.

Keywords: rumen, bacteria, xylan degradation, sugar fermentation profiles, metabolic end products

 

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ON THE LOCALIZATION OF XYLANOLYTIC ENZYMES IN PREVOTELLA BRYANTII B₁4

Romana MARINŠEK LOGAR^a) and F. V. NEKREP
^a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
Prevotella bryantii B₁4 is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, polysaccharides-degrading ruminal bacterium. EDTA/sphaeroplasting and osmotic shock procedure were used in present work to localise endoxylanolytic, b -xylosidase and a -L-arabinofuranosidase activities of P. bryantii B₁4. Late exponential phase cells released most of the endoxylanolytic and CMC-ase activity by osmotic shock, showing the periplasmic location of both enzymatic activities, while b -xylosidase and a -L-arabinofuranosidase activities were recovered largely in membrane cell fraction. About 23 % of the total culture endoxylanase activity and about 30 % of the CMC-ase activity were found to be extracellular. No b -xylosidase and a -L-arabinofuranosidase activities were detected in culture supernatant of P. bryantii B₁4.

Key words: rumen, anaerobic bacteria, Prevotella bryantii, xylanases, enzyme localization

 

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PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF RUMEN BACTERIAL SPECIES FROM THE GENUS PREVOTELLA

G. AVGUŠTIN^a)
a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
27 strains belonging to four recently described anaerobic bacterial species from the genus Prevotella were tested for proteolytic activity against ¹⁴C labelled casein. A great variability in casein degradation activity was detected, supporting the phylogenetic findings about this bacterial genus. The highest activity was detected with P. brevis strains and some individual strains representing unique taxonomic lineages. For the rest of the strains, belonging to P. ruminicola, P. brevis and P. albensis, the commonly made assumption of an important role in protein breakdown in the rumen ecosystem is presumably not valid.

Key words: rumen bacteria, Prevotella ruminicola, P.  brevis, P. bryantii, P. albensis, proteolysis, casein, rumen

 

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SPECIFIC DETECTION OF BACTERIAL SPECIES IN THE GUT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS WITH IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND EPIFLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY

Katarina TEPŠIČ^a) and G. AVGUŠTIN
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
Bacterial cells belonging to the species Prevotella bryantii were specifically detected in rumen samples from a black and white Frisian cow using a narrowly specific rRNA probe PBB₁4 and in situ hybridization combined with epifluorescent microscopy. Bacterial cells from the phylogenetic group cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides were also specifically detected with the broad rRNA probe PREBAC. Both probes, labelled with tertramethylrodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) proved to be highly specific and give strong and clear signal without any or very little of nonspecific fluorescence. The positively identified cells were 2–3 times smaller, when compared to the cells of the laboratory strain P. bryantii B₁4, but they do exhibit a similar intensity of the signal.

Key words: in situ hybridization, epifluorescent microscopy, rumen, gut, microorganisms, gram negative bacteria, Prevotella

 

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SUGAR FERMENTATION PROFILES OF BIFIDOBACTERIA FROM RAT GUT

Lijana FANEDL^a) and G. AVGUŠTIN
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
Sugar fermentation profiles of 21 bifidobacterial isolates from rat small intestine were analyzed using the API 50CH test. The isolates were pooled into three main groups on the basis of the fermentation of 49 sugars. The sugar fermentation profiles of main groups were different from those of known bacterial species from the genus Bifidobacterium. According to the calculated phenetic similarity values the three groups of gut isolates were quite distant to each other, too. The group A seemed to be quite different from all 13 tested bifidobacterial type strains, the group B seemed to be phenotipically similar to B. magnum, while the group C displayed the highest similarity to the B. infantis type strain. The isolate 69 appeared to be different from all other gut isolates and seemed to be related either to B. pseudolongum or B. coryneforme type strains. Although the bacterial strains could not be classified into phylogenetic taxonomy units according to the phenotypic characteristics, it seems that the isolated rat gut bifidobacterial strains belonged to so far unidentified species.

Key words: API 50CH test, bifidobacteria, identification, sugar fermentation profiles

 

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A RAPID NUCLEIC ACID SOLUTION CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE USING N₂ FLUSHING

M. PETERKA^a), A. GASPARIČ and G. AVGUŠTIN
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
A rapid, inexpensive and efficient nucleic acid solution concentration method is described. The volume of the solution was reduced and the concentration of the nucleic acids in the solution increased by flushing the solution with nitrogen gas at the flow of 2-3 l/minute. The method was compared with the commonly used precipitation technique and a similar efficiency was established for both methods, the flushing technique being however faster. The quality of the nucleic acids did not change during the concentration procedure which was proved by successful endonuclease restriction of the material and PCR amplification of specific genes from it. Using these technique the volume of a DNA solution can be reduced from 300 m l to 100 m l in 35 minutes without any substantial DNA losses.

Key words: DNA, concentration, N₂, technique

 

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PROFITABILITY OF SMALL-SCALE FARMING IN SLOVENIA AND LIKELY PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE *

S. KAVČIČ^a)
a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
This paper is concerned with the estimation of financial effects of farming in Slovenia. First it describes the evolution of farm management accounting and limitations of some techniques which are still often subject of discussion in Slovenia. It lists main records necessary for compiling gross margin accounts as the most promising method for farm business analysis and planning. The practical part of this report is concerned with limited survey to estimate profitability of farming on a sample of 15 Slovenian farms. The procedure of data collection is described and questions about reliability of results given existing circumstances (absence of book-keeping) are emphasised. An appropriate spreadsheet for profit calculation has been designed and additional subroutines created as tools for discovering weaknesses and strengths of existing practice. Calculations show positive financial results for year 1994. Values range between 113,000 and 1.772,000 SIT (nominal values). Given the labour consumed for farming, results indicate poor returns to inputs and call for better management with the resources available. Crude diagnosis claims for a reduction in fixed costs per unit of output and an increase in the intensity of production. Possible changes in the medium to long term are indicated, taking into account constraints from the wider business environment.

Key words: farm management, profitability of farming, (farm) management accounting, gross margin

 

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SUPPLY ELASTICITIES IN THE SLOVENE AGRICULTURE *

E. ERJAVEC^a) and J. TURK
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
Supply response and structural breaks in the Slovene agriculture over the period of 30 years (1966-1995) were evaluated in this paper. Kalman filter procedure was applied in deriving supply elasticities for 6 staple agricultural products. Two structural breaks in Slovene agriculture may be (hypothetical) expected in the observed period, but both cannot clearly be estimated. The extent of agricultural reforms has been gradually defined and started much before the process of political transition in 1990/91. High supply elasticities were obtained for beef and maize, which is explained by a relatively free market environment that was encountered by the farmers involved in beef and maize production. Low supply elasticities calculated for pork and potato, and very low supply elasticities computed for wheat and milk point at a high degree of state regulation on these markets in the past and the importance of the quasi fixed assets in the production. From the values of cross-price elasticities certain complement and substitute relationships between various farm produce, which are however subject to change over time, could be observed. Possible Slovene admission to EU would thus have quite different effects for domestic farmers engaged in one of the 6 production activities scrutinised here.

Key words: supply analysis, structural change, Kalman filter, Slovene farm system

 

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INTRODUCTION OF ACCOUNTANCY SYSTEM ACCORDING TO EU FADN METHODOLOGY ON FAMILY FARMS IN SLOVENIA

S. KAVČIČ^a) and Neva PAJNTAR
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
Agricultural policy circumstances for introduction of farm accountancy data network system in European Union (EU) and in Slovenia are described. Income aspects of agricultural policy are emphasised, requesting for information concerning farm (family) income. Development and brief explanation of FADN methodology applied in EU and Slovenia are presented. Although methodology applied in Slovenia is similar to those in EU, results for 1994 to 1996 show initial problems of establishing new information system. They are inconsistent and far from being representative for the whole field of observation. At the moment they are not comparable with EU indicators. Necessity for farm structure survey and completion of FADN are emphasised, with development of additional calculations for farmers’ decision making. Problems of conceptual failure of current FADN to serve policy needs are also mentioned.

Key words: Farm accountancy, FADN, methodology, Slovenia

 

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GENETIC VARIATION BETWEEN PHENOTYPICALLY DIFFERENT NATIVE AND INTRODUCED BROWN TROUT IN SLOVENIA *

A. SNOJ^a)
a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was the identification of genetic polymorphism enabling a discrimination between Slovenian native (Danubian) and introduced (Atlantic) brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Within the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region three polymorphic sites with four different genotypes were found, two of them being characteristic for the Danubian brown trout, and the other two for the Atlantic and the Ohrid trout, respectively. Analyzing microsatellite DNA one informative locus was found, revealing four alleles which enabled the discrimination among the Danubian, the Atlantic and the Ohrid type of brown trout. Using these genetic markers it was confirmed that the genetic and phenotypic identity of Slovenian native brown trout is endangered with non-native one, especially at districts being intensively stocked with hatchery-reared brown trout.

Key words: genetic polymorphism, genetic markers, mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, brown trout, Salmo trutta

 

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IN VITRO STIMULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES BY MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE DERIVED MITOGEN *

Mojca NARAT ^a)
a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Preliminary report
Language: English

ABSTRACT
Mycoplasma synoviae causes infections of the upper respiratory tract of chickens and turkeys. In poorly defined conditions infection results in an arthritic disease, infectious synovitis . Studying this synovitis as an animal model of an autoimmune arthritis we have examined the presence, location and potential of Mycoplasma synoviae mitogenic factor, which could trigger the induction of infectious synovitis. In the study described herein in vitro mitogenic activity of membrane fraction and culture supernatant preparations of four Mycoplasma synoviae strains was demonstrated. Active fraction from culture supernatant of Mycoplasma synoviae AAY-30 strain was more than twice as active as its membrane preparation. This activity resides to the soluble protein, which is active for chicken and mouse thymic cells and for human peripheral lymphoctyes. The culture supernatant mitogenic factor is a protein with molecular weight of about 60 kD and pI of about 4.0.

Key words: Mycoplasma synoviae, mitogens, T lymphocytes

 

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PREDOMINATION OF CD8⁺ LYMPHOCYTES IN SYNOVIAL FLUID OF CHICKENS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INFECTIOUS SYNOVITIS *

Mojca NARAT^a)
a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
The natural and experimental infection with Mycoplasma synoviae in chickens causes not only infection of the upper respiratory tract but also results in infectious synovitis, an arthritis which is regarded as an autoimmune disease due to its typical histological and immunological symptoms. In all arthritic diseases as well as in infectious synovitis T cells seem to play a major role in the development, maintenance and resolution of disease. Using monoclonal antibodies against different chicken T cell marker molecules we demonstrate predomination of CD8^+a /b TCR cells in synovial fluid of experimentally induced infectious synovitis.

Key words: Mycoplasma synoviae, infectious synovitis, arthritis, T cells

 

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EFFECTS OF AGEING ON PROTEIN METABOLISM AND REQUIREMENT

P. PATUREAU MIRAND^a), Marie Agnes ARNAL, T. MALMEZAT and L. MOSONI
^a) INRA, Protein metabolism unit, Center Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, 63122 Saint Genes-Champanelle and HNCR Clermont-Ferrand, France

Review article
Language: English

ABSTRACT
Some effects of ageing on protein metabolism can be detected at the molecular levels. At the whole body levels, there is a loss of lean body mass resulting mainly from a loss of muscle protein. The causes of such a loss are difficult to determine in a basal state since the effects of the molecular alterations on protein synthesis and degradation rates are rarely detected at the tissue or whole body levels. In contrast, ageing affects the control protein metabolism by hormones, exercise and nutrients and the muscle atrophy could be linked more directly to those alterations. The decrease of protein anabolism efficiency suggests that protein requirements in the elderly are as high as those of young adults.

Key words: ageing, muscle, protein synthesis, protein degradation, protein requirement

 

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NUTRITIVE AND ENERGY VALUE OF MAIZE SILAGE FOR DAIRY COWS

Marija RAJČEVIČ^a), T. ILC and J. ŽLINDRA
^a) Poslovni sistem Mercator, d.d., Dunajska 107, SI-1113 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
We investigated chemical composition, nutritive and energy value of maize silage, produced in 1993, 1994 and 1995, consumed by dairy cows on Mercator-Kmetijsko gospodarstvo Kočevje. In 1993 the maize silage was drought-stricken, therefore for that year also in vitro digestibility of dry and organic matter of two samples by drought differently stricken maize and of two samples of silage with different content of dry matter was stated. The content of dry matter of the analyzed samples of maize silage was the 275.8 and 362.4 g kg^-1, with 252 and 254.7 g kg^-1 of crude fibre and 6.38 and 6.41 MJ kg ^-1 NEL in it. The digestibility of dry matter was 0.664 and 0.660, while digestibility of organic matter was 0.657 and 0.652. The average of 6 samples of the analyzed silages produced in 1993 was 312.9 ± 19.9 g kg^-1 of dry matter, and in it was 228.3 ± 13.1 g kg^-1 of crude fibre and 6.54 ± 0.12 MJ kg^-1 NEL. In vitro digestibility of dry matter of maize silage with 311.1 g kg ^-1 of dry matter was 0.665, and organic matter 0.657; in silage with 347.2 g kg^-1 of dry matter the digestibility of dry matter was 0.666, and of organic matter 0.660. In silage produced in 1994 (n=8) the average content of dry matter was 362.9 ± 50.6 g kg^-1, and it was 231.5 ± 18.6 g kg^-1 of crude fibre and 6.43 ± 0.2 MJ kg^-1 NEL. The analyzed silage produced in 1995 (n=5) contained 307.9 ± 26.3 g kg ^-1 of dry matter, in which was 238.1 ± 11.3 g kg^-1 of crude fibre and 6.3 ± 0.12 MJ kg^-1 NEL. Energy and nutritive values of silage produced in 1993, when the maize was stricken by drought, were actually lower than shown by calculation on the base of chemical analysis.

Key words: maize silage, dairy cows, nutritive value, energy value

 

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LEGUME SEEDS IN NUTRITION *

Tatjana PIRMAN^a), Jasna M. A. STEKAR and Etiennette COMBE
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Review article
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
Over 65 % of food protein and more than 80 % of food energy is supplied by plants. Legumes have a special place in diets, because they contain nearly two to three times more protein than cereals. Legumes also provide energy and are important sources of several B-complex vitamins, essential elements and fiber. Legume proteins alone are of poor quality, because of sulphur containing amino acids deficiency. When consumed with cereals their complementary effect is exemplified. The most often antinutritional factors in legumes, their effect on the nutritional value of legumes and their use in nutrition are presented.

Key words: legumes, nutrition, seed structure, chemical composition, antinutritional factors

 

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TWO MAIZE HYBRIDS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF SILAGE

J. (Jože) VERBIČ^a), D. BABNIK, Ana GREGORČIČ and M. KMETIČ
^a) Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of grain, non grain parts, forage maize and corresponding silages of two hybrids, one dent and one flint, were determined. Hybrids differed significantly in the proportions of leaves + husks, cobs and grain. Hybrids affected significantly the concentration of crude protein and ash in grain and non grain fraction. Grain of both hybrids differed also in the concentration of crude fat. Forage maize samples differed significantly in the concentration of neutral detergent insoluble N and crude fat. Silage which was made from dent type hybrid had lower concentration of hemicelluloses, higher concentration of crude fat and starch and it had higher concentration of estimated net energy for lactation. The type of hybrid did not affect either the fermentation pattern in the silo or the aerobic stability of the silage. It was noted that the concentration of hemicelluloses and cellulose during the ensiling process declined for about 15 % while the concentration of starch remained similar as in the parental material.

Key words: forage maize, maize silage, hybrids, chemical composition, nutritive value

 

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DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF WINTER CONSUMER AND UHT MILK SAMPLES IN SLOVENIA

Vekoslava STIBILJ^a) and Mojca KOMAN RAJŠP
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
The aim of our work was to determine fatty acid composition of winter consumer - pasteurised and UHT - ultra high temperature heated milk samples from five different Slovene geographical regions (five different Slovene dairies). All milk samples (homogenised, pasteurised or sterilised, 3.2 % milk fat) were collected locally from February to March 1997. Lipid extraction preceeding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-s) preparation for gas chromatography is time consuming and cumbersome. We omitted the lipid extraction and performed in situ transesterification (ISTE) by heating lipid - containing milk at 90^o C for 10 min after adding 0.5 N NaOH in methanol for methanolysis and continued heating another 10 min for further methylation after adding 12 % BF₃ in methanol. For milk, FAME-s prepared by ISTE showed fatty acid compositon virtually identical to FAME-s prepared after lipid extraction. Due to simplicity, speed and reduced organic solvent usage, we used ISTE method for determination milk fatty acid composition. To the best of our knowledge, we did not find any literature data about fatty acid composition of Slovene cow milk so we compared our results with literature data of milk fatty acid composition from other countries and found good accordance.

Key words: consumer milk, UHT milk, fatty acids, gas chromatography

 

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DISTRIBUTION OF SELENIUM AND IODINE IN THE TISSUES OF LAYING HENS FED WITH As₂O₃ ADDED TO THE DIET

R. VADNJAL^a), Vekoslava STIBILJ, Antonija HOLCMAN and M. DERMELJ
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Original scientific paper
Language: English

ABSTRACT
The aim of the work was to determine the effect of dietary As additions (39.6 m g As₂O₃/g) on tissues Se and I concentration of 49 weeks old Rhode Island Red laying hens. After 19 days blood was collected by anterious heart puncture and after slaughter following organs were collected: liver, kidney, lung, muscle (musculus pectoralis superficialis) and plumage. Se and I concentration were determined with radiochemical neutron activation analysis and the results were expressed on dry matter basis. In trial group the most Se concentration was found in kidney, followed by liver, blood, lung, muscle and plumage. In trial group the most I concentration was found in plumage, followed by kidney, lung, liver, blood and muscle. Added As in the feed significantly increased Se concentration in lung, I concentration in muscle and it significantly decreased I concentration in blood.

Key words: poultry, tissues, selenium, iodine, arsenic

 

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MAJOR PROTEOLYTIC PATHWAYS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE *

M. ČERVEK^a)*, D. ATTAIX and Jasna M. A. STEKAR
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
^*present address: RCP Emona, Kavčičeva 72, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Review article
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle contains multiple proteolytic systems that are presumably responsible for the breakdown of specific proteins. Three major proteolitic pathways operate in skeletal muscle, although such a simple division is too simplified. The best known proteolytic system is the lysosomal pathway. Lysosomes are particularly abundant in liver, and they are not involved in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins. The Ca²⁺-dependent proteolytic process does not contribute significantly to overall proteolysis in muscles from control and catabolic animals. In fact, there is now growing evidence that calpains do not play a major role in general turnover of intracellular protein, but are involved in limited proteolysis of some specific target proteins. Fagan et al. (1987) demonstrated that skeletal muscle also contains a soluble ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system.There is more and more evidence that ATP-ubiqutin-dependent proteolitic system has a key role in muscle protein breakdown.

Key words: protein breakdown, proteolytic system, lysosom, proteasom, sceletal muscles

 

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DETERMINATION OF OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS CONTENT OF EGGS

Vekoslava STIBILJ^a) and Mojca KOMAN RAJŠP
^a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia

Research note
Language: Slovene

ABSTRACT
The aim of our work was to determine fatty acid composition of ordinary eggs and fatty acid composition of eggs enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid extraction preceeding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-s) preparation for gas chromatography is time consuming and cumbersome. We omitted the lipid extraction and performed in situ transesterification (ISTE) by heating lipid - containing eggs at 90^o C for 10 min after adding 0.5 N NaOH in methanol for methanolysis and continued heating another 10 min for further methylation after adding 12 % BF₃ in methanol. Due to simplicity, speed and reduced organic solvent usage, we used ISTE method for determination eggs fatty acid composition. The analytical results are in good accordance with literature data. Omega-3 enriched eggs on the Slovene market(producer JATA Reja) have a better fatty acid profile (EPA+DHA = 4.42 ut%) than ordinary commercial eggs (EPA+DHA = 1.34 ut%) of the same producer.

Key words: eggs, omega-3 enriched eggs, fatty acids, gas chromatography

 

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