a)
and Nataša SIARD a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
Bibliography
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT The bibliography includes 452 works written in the years 1965 to 2000. Some
unpublished works are also included (mostly the papers presented at the
meetings). However, different reports and 20 radio contributions in Kmetijski
nasveti (from the period 1965 – 1984) are not included. We estimate that the
bibliography covers the majority of the professor`s work, however there are some
works we couldn`t find - mostly from the early years of professor`s work. We
have tried to complete the bibliography as much as possible with the help of
National and University Library (NUK) and Agricultural Institute of Slovenia.
ESTIMATION OF DISPERSION PARAMETERS WITH AN ANIMAL TEST DAY MODEL FOR
SLOVENIAN BLACK AND WHITE BREED *
a), Milena
KOVAČ and Janez POGAČAR a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia, M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT The dispersion parameters for daily milk yield (DMY), fat
(FC) and protein (PC) content were estimated in separate analyses on 643 357
test-day records of 29 150 cows in Slovene black and white population.
Additionally, 12 173 animals were included into the pedigree file. Records were
collected from March 1986 to July 1998. The model includes calving season, age
at calving, and stage of lactation as fixed effects and herd, permanent
environment, and animal as random effects. Herd effect explained 0.23, 0.06 and
0.09 of the total variance for DMY, FC, and PC, respectively. The similar
proportions (0.23, 0.07, and 0.11) were estimated for permanent environment
effect. Heritability estimates were 0.20, 0.20, and 0.25 for DMY, FC, and PC,
respectively. The procedure allows to predict and use breeding values for
younger cows with less or even none records causing the generation interval to
be shortened. Before implementation of the model, the economic values of merit
traits as well as correlations among the traits considered should be
reevaluated.
Kay words: cattle / breeds / Black
and White breed / selection / animal model / test day / milk / milk traits
____________________
*
The article is a
part of a master of science thesis (justification 27. 12. 1999), supervisor
Assoc.Prof. Milena Kovač, Ph.D.
ADDITIVE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL (CO)VARIANCE COMPONENTS FOR MILK TRAITS
IN GOAT WITH TEST DAY MODEL
a), Špela
MALOVRH, Milena KOVAČ, Dušan BIRTIČ and Drago KOMPAN
a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3,
SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia, M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT Genetic and environmental dispersion parameters for daily milk yield (DMY),
fat (FC), protein (PC) and lactose contents (LC) were estimated on 1805 does of
Alpine and Saanen breed. During the period 1991-1996, 24044 monthly test days
were obtained from 57 herds in Slovenia. (Co)variance components for random
effects and residual were estimated by REML using Powell’s algorithm. The models
contained season (year-month interaction) and breed as fixed effects, litter
size, day of lactation and parity as independent variables, and common flock,
permanent environment and additive genetic effect (animal) as random effects.
Heritability for DMY was 0.19 - 0.20, for FC was 0.16 - 0.18, for PC was 0.21 -
0.24, and for LC was 0.21 - 0.23. The greatest part of phenotypic variance of
FC, PC and LC remained in residual. FC and PC had a negative genetic correlation
with DMY (-0.32 and -0.41). Correlation between FC and PC was positive (+0.57),
as between PC and LC (+0.27).
Keywords: goats / test day records
/ milk traits / genetic parameters / variance components / covariance components
a), Jasna
M.A. STEKAR, Milena KOVAČ and Antonija HOLCMAN
a)
Institute of Agriculture, Vinarska 14, SI-2000 Maribor,
Slovenia, Head of Advisory Service.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT In the feeding trial with 600 laying hens of ISA Brown provenance the effect
of ensiled maize grains on laying was examined. The laying was monitored since
the age 21 weeks. At the age 32 weeks from the flock of 1400 hens 600 animals
were chosen at random and divided in six groups. Trial rations were started at
age 40 weeks when the hens reached the peak production. The trial had lasted for
154 days when the laying capacity started to decrease considerably. Two maize
hybrids Raissa and Lotus were compared. In the ration there were 40% of dry
matter from ensiled grains or 60% respectively. Supplemental feeding mixture was
equal in both cases. Control animals were fed with complete feeding mixture
ad libitum. Other groups fed with silage as well as one group of laying hens
fed with complete feeding mixture were given restricted rations. Results of
laying before and during the trial were processed by statistical package
SAS/STAT (1990). There were no significant differences between the hybrids.
Groups with 40% dry matter from the silage had significantly lower laying than
the control group, which can be explained by lower energy content. Groups with
60% of dry matter from the silage had better laying than the groups with less
silage as well as better laying in comparison with the control groups. Groups
with higher metabolic energy content in trial ration had better laying. Energy
and protein consumption for egg production differed a lot between the groups due
to different contents of protein and energy in the rations and, hence, to
diverse number of laid eggs.
THE EFFECT OF FERTILISATION ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FORAGE FROM PERMANENT
KARST MEADOW. 1 BOTANICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, IN VITRO
DIGESTIBILITY AND CONCENTRATION OF NET ENERGY FOR LACTATION
a), Janko
VERBIČ and Drago BABNIK a) Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1001
Ljubljana, Slovenia, senior researcher, Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Nutritive value of forage from a long term fertilisation experiment was
estimated on the basis of concentration of net energy for lactation (NEL) and
digestibility of organic matter that were calculated on the basis of chemical
composition and gas which was produced during the incubation of samples with
rumen liquor in vitro. Unfertilised treatment (0), treatment which was
fertilised with phosphorous and potassium (PK) and treatment fertilised with
phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen (NPK) were compared. The total yield was
separated into grasses, legumes and forbs and analysed separately. Nutritive
value of grasses, legumes and forbs was affected by fertilisation only slightly.
The concentration of net energy for lactation was considerably higher in legumes
than in grasses and forbs: 5.95, 5.24 and 5.36 MJ per kg dry matter
respectively. However, due to relatively small differences in proportion of
legumes higher concentration of NEL in legumes was not manifested in differences
between treatments. Yield of NEL was markedly increased by fertilisation: 12000,
19500 and 34500 MJ per ha in 0, PK and NPK respectively. Differences between
variants were due mainly to differences in dry matter yields. Differences in NEL
concentration contributed relatively little to differences in NEL yields.
Key words: Karst grassland /
fertilisation / grasses / legumes / forbs / in vitro digestibility / net
energy for lactation
a),
Vida ŽNIDARŠIČ-PONGRAC, Janko VERBIČ and Jože
VERBIČ
a) Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1001 Ljubljana,
Slovenia, research adviser, Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT A long term fertilizer experiment was designed in 1983 as a randomized block
design in four repetitions. In 1994 forage samples were collected on
unfertilised variant (0), variant fertilised with phosphorous and potassium (PK)
and variant fertilised with phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen (NPK). Samples
from the first, second and third cut were separated to grasses, legumes and
forbs in which the concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Mn, Fe, in Cu were
determined separately. Based on proportions of single botanical groups (grasses,
legumes and forbs) the concentrations of elements in forage were calculated.
Concentrations of the majority of elements in grasses, legumes and forbs of all
three cuts were significantly affected by fertilisation. PK fertilisation
reduced the concentrations of Mg and Mn and increased the concentration of P and
K in forage. Compared to the unfertilised variant (0), NPK fertilisation reduced
the concentration of Fe and increased the concentrations of P, K and Zn.
Nitrogen fertilisation (NPK vs. PK) significantly increased the
concentrations of P, Mg, Zn and Mn and reduced the concentration of Ca. With the
exception of Cu, the concentration of all minerals analysed was significantly
affected by consecutive cut. The concentrations of Ca, Mg and Mn were in second-
and third-cut forage higher than in the first-cut forage. The highest
concentrations of P and Zn were recorded in third-cut forage. Legumes and forbs
contained two to three times more Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu than grasses. Therefore, the
concentrations of these elements in forage were affected markedly by botanical
composition of the sward. With respect to the requirements of dairy cows in
lactation a large deficit of Na, Zn and Cu was observed while P was deficient
only in forage from unfertilised variant.
a), Tanja
PAJK and Karl SALOBIR a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje
3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia, Ass.Prof., Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Food is strongly connected with the formation of free radicals in human or
animal body. It is also important for the
protection against them. Polyunsaturated fatty acids for instance
increase the free radicals load of the organism. Antioxidants neutralize free
radicals. The comet assay (Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis) was introduced for
the in vivo testing of nuclear DNA damage in laboratory mice. Four groups
of test animals and one control group were fed with fodder of the same basic
composition but with different fats included: 1) 10% oleic acid rich sunflower
oil, 2) 10% sunflower oil, 3) 10% rape oil, 4) 10% lard, 5) control group, 2%
oleic acid rich sunflower oil. No antioxidants were added to the oils, lard or
feeds. The energy ratio of fats in fodder was 16% in the control group and 32%
in the rest test groups. Different degrees of mice leucocyte DNA damage were
detected in the experiment. The highest degree of DNA damage (2.72) was found in
the group fed with oleic acid reach sunflower oil. The lowest degree of DNA
damage was found in the control group. Data were processed with the SAS/STAT
(1990) program package. The results obtained indicate that comet assay is
sensitive enough to differenciate the quality of nutritional fats from the view
of free radicals formation.
Key words: human nutrition / fats
/ antioxidants / oxidative stress / DNA / comet assay
____________________
*
The work is a
part of CRP project entitled Feeding Influences on the Quality of Food of
Animal Origin and the Nutritional Complementary Value of the Foods of Plant
Origin, V4-9118-0402-98, financed by the Ministry of agriculture, forestry
and nutrition and the Ministry of science and technology.
THE USE OF FLOW CYTOMETRY AND OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR BACTERIAL COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
a)
and Gorazd AVGUŠTIN
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Investigation of microbial community structure in activated sludge is often
complicated. When not only total bacterial counts, but also counts of bacterial
subpopulations are to be determined, existing methods are not successful. In the
present article, a method for analysis of activated sludge with two, differently
labelled oligonucleotide probes and affiliated flow cytometric detectors is
described. Oligonucleotide probes EUB338-Cy3 and fD1-FITC, specific for all
bacteria were used to set the experimental model for flow cytometry analysis.
This model was than used to analyze activated sludge sample with 16S rRNA
targeted probe NSO190-FITC, specific for amonia oxidizing bacteria from b -
subclass of Proteobacteria. In the examined sample 16.3% of bacteria
hibridized with this probe. Finally, effects of tripan blue on cell
autofluorescence and probe-specific fluorecence were investigated. Tripan blue
did not alter the FITC-probe-specific fluorescence, while the level of
autofluorescence and nonspecific fluorescence dropped.
a) and
Gorazd AVGUŠTIN
a) Univ.
of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale,
Slovenia, M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT Parts of the rRNA operons of anaerobic rumen bacteria Prevotella bryantii
B14 were cloned. 350 colonies carrying pBluescriptII with HindIII
DNA fragments were screened with 16S rDNA specific probe and six positive clones
were obtained. Inserts with 16S rRNA genes were identified by hybridisation with
digoxigenin labelled Prevotella-Bacteroides 16S rRNA specific probe. All
six inserts were approximately 2 kb long and contained large parts of the 16S
rRNA gene, 16S-23S rRNA internal spacer region and approximately 100 bp of 23S
rRNA gene. The origin of 16S rRNA genes were confirmed by PCR with P.
bryantii 16S rRNA specific primer.
a), Jasna
ŠTRUS and Gorazd AVGUŠTIN a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Biology, Večna pot
111, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, assistent, M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Rod-like bacteria attached to cuticular spines in the hindgut of the
terrestrial isopod Porcelio scaber were observed by scanning electron
microscopy. The attached bacteria could represent the autochthonous microbial
flora, which has not been reported yet. Because the observed bacteria can not be
cultured, molecular approach to identification was applied. Total DNA was
isolated from well rinsed hindguts of five healthy and mature isopods and
subsequently bacterial 16S rDNA genes were amplified. The amplified genes were
incorporated into plasmid vector and transformed into E.coli competent
cells. Plazmid DNAs from 37 transformants were subjected to restriction analysis
with Dde I and Taq I endonucleases. An RFLP phenogram was
constructed using the UPGMA method. 16S rRNA genes can be clustered into at
least three distinctive groups which could indicate that several bacterial
species are attached to the cuticular spines in the hindgut of P. scaber.
