MAPPING OF CONTENTS IN
"ZBORNIK BIOTEHNIŠKE FAKULTETE UNIVERZE V LJUBLJANI. KMETIJSTVO. ZOOTEHNIKA" (RESEARCH
REPORTS BIOTECHNICAL FACULTY UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA. AGRICULTURE. ZOOTECHNY):
AN ANALYSIS OF NARROWER AND BROADER SUBJECT AREAS
a)
a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Agronomy
Dept., Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ass.Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
A bibliometric analysis of volumes 74 (1999) and 76 (2000) (altogether 48
articles) of Zbornik Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Kmetijstvo.
Zootehnika (Research Reports Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana.
Agriculture. Zootechny) was based on the Agrovoc descriptors (de) assigned by an
indexer (ENI), computer assigned DE (ENC) and category codes (CC) assigned as
indexing terms to the respective articles in the Agris database. Two subject
indexes based on ENI and ENC coupled together, and on CC were constructed as a
material for further analysis. The scatter of indexing terms was then compared
with some scientometric laws such as those by Bradford, Zipf, and others. Among
357 different DE (ENI and ENC coupled together in one file) some 80 % were
assigned only once or twice. 210 DE occured only once. Organism DE maintained
the highest frequency (bacteria: 16 times, followed by useful animals: 13
times). Some 20 % of all different DE were assigned to half of the articles.
Among ENI 154 of 221 terms occured only once. Aspect DE possessed the highest
frequency among ENI (chemical composition: 11 times, followed by proximate
composition: 10 times). Some indexing characteristics were further highlighted
such as the use of synonyms and related terms. The results of macroindexing with
CC were interpreted with some limitations as there are in classification schemes
no sufficient macrocategories referring to microbiology or biotechnology of
microorganisms. All of the records of the Slovenian Agris output were processed
by one indexer thus maintaining a relatively high indexing consistency what
facilitates better information retrieval.
Key words: animal sciences / zootechny / journals / indexing
/ indexes / thesauri / identification / data collection / data analysis / data
processing / information science / information services / documentation /
databases
QUANTITY ANALYSIS OF SWEET CHESTNUT (Castanea
sativa Mill.) POLLEN GRAINS IN HONEYS HARVESTED IN SLOVENIA IN 1999
Iztok BERNARD and
a)
a)
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1001 Ljubljana,
Slovenia, Ass.Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
Honey samples, 129 in total, were randomly sampled in Slovenia in 1999. Pollen
structure of honey samples was analysed, 44 different types of pollen grains
were determined. Pollen grains of sweet chestnut are present in 94.6 % of
samples. On average, their content was of 59.98 % per sample. 42 honey samples
contain more than 90 % of such pollen, and could be described as pure sweet
chestnut honey. Sweet chestnut pollen content is typical of honey produced in
Slovenia and could be used as main criterion to distinguish Slovenian honey from
honey produced in the other middle European countries situated northern of
Slovenia.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF AN
EXPERIMENT WITH TIME COMPONENT *
Katarina KOŠMELJ a),
Andrej BLEJEC and Drago KOMPAN
a)
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Agronomy Dept., Jamnikarjeva 101,
SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Prof., Ph.D.
Preliminary report
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
In this paper we present the statistical analysis which we used to assess an
experiment undertaken at the Zootechnical Department, Biotechnical Faculty,
University of Ljubljana. Due to the type of data, standard statistical methods
can not be used. We present our ideas and statistical approaches that give the
required answers. The objective of this paper is to present the statistical
analysis to the public since this type of experiment is quite common in
biotechnical domain.
Key words: statistics / statistical analysis /
time series / data transformation / data standardization / analysis of variance
/ Wilcoxon test / goats / somatic cells
DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO
PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN THE CHICKEN EMBRYO'S FLUIDS *
Darja HERMAN,
a) and
Dušan BENČINA
a)
Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac.,
Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Ass.Prof., Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
Certain avian pathogens can be transmitted in chickens via hatching eggs.
Specific maternal antibodies appearing in the egg yolk and egg white are able to
protect embryo against a variety of vertically transmitted bacterial and viral
pathogens. Immunoenzyme tests using different monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to
chicken immunoglobulins G (IgG), IgA and IgM were used for detection of
antibodies to Mycoplasma synoviae, M. gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium
rhinotracheale and Newcastle disease virus in the allantoic fluid (ALF),
amniotic fluid (AMF), bile and serum of chicken embryos on different stages of
the embryonic development. In the ALF of 7-day-old embryos IgG antibodies to
M. synoviae were demonstrated for the first time in this study. Certain
samples contained also IgG antibodies to M. gallisepticum and Newcastle
disease virus. In addition, IgA, and IgM were also found in the ALF. It seems
that transfer of IgA and IgM from the egg white to ALF is selective. In AMF
specific IgG antibodies to M. synoviae were detected on day 7 of the
embrionic development. From 12th day of the embryogenesis onward
levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in AMF were apparently increased. Specific IgA and
IgG antibodies to
M. synoviae and O. rhinotracheale were detected in bile of
13-day-old embryos. In the blood, which was taken from the chorioallantoic veins
from the 13th to 16th day of the embryogenesis, IgG and
IgA were found.
The paper is a
part of graduation thesis (justification September 20, 2001), supervisor
ass.prof. Mojca Narat, Ph.D., co-supervisor Dušan Benčina, Ph.D.
a), Jože
VERBIČ and Tomaž ŽNIDARŠIČ
a) Agricultural Institute of
Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, research adviser, Ph.D.,
M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
The concentration of net energy for lactation (NEL) of 100 hay samples that were
collected in 1999 and 2000 was estimated by the use of in vitro method,
which was based on the gas produced during the incubation of samples with rumen
liquor. Values were compared to the estimates obtained by the procedures which
are usual for Slovenian laboratories, i.e. on the basis of chemical composition
and digestibility coefficients from tables or by the use of regression equations
from literature. It was established that NEL concentrations that were estimated
on the basis of DLG (1982) tables deviated from in vitro estimated values
for 0.22 ± 0.35 MJ kg–1 dry matter (DM). Estimates on the basis of
recently published tables and equations deviated from in vitro estimated
values for 0.25 ± 0.31 MJ (DLG, 1991), 0.20 ± 0.33 MJ (DLG, 1997) and 0.16 ±
0.33 MJ (GfE, 1998) kg–1 DM. The equation according to Stekar et
al. (1994) deviated on average from in vitro values for 0.01 ± 0.34.
Regression analysis showed that all estimates deviated systematically from in
vitro estimated values. For the estimation of low quality samples from
extensively managed grasslands which contain less than 5.2 MJ NEL kg–1
DM the usage of old German tables (DLG, 1982) can be recommended while for
samples which contain more than 5.2 MJ NEL kg–1 DM recently published
tables (DLG, 1997) and official German equations (GfE, 1998) are more suitable.
For average samples from Slovenian farms the highest accuracy can be achieved by
the use of the equation proposed by Stekar et al. (1994). Relatively high
average individual deviations from in vitro estimated values (0.27–0.32
MJ NEL kg–1 DM) were characteristic for all estimates. Maximal
individual deviations exceeded 1 MJ NEL kg–1 DM. New regression
equations for estimation of metabolizable energy concentration and NEL were
proposed. It was found out that by the use of new equations deviations from the
in vitro estimated values can be reduced by 10 to 50 %. Unexplained
deviations of about 0.2 MJ NEL kg–1 DM cannot be avoided by the means
of classical Weende analysis.
Key words: animal nutrition / feed / hay / chemical composition /
metabolizable energy / net energy for lactation / estimation / statistics /
statistical analysis / regression equation
____________________
*
Part of the data
presented in this paper originates from graduation thesis (justification
July 5, 2001), supervisor ass. prof. Jože Verbič, Ph.D. and co-adviser ass.
prof. Andrej Lavrenčič, Ph.D.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION, IN VITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY AND IN VITRO GAS
PRODUCTION OF FORAGE BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
a), Bruno
STEFANON, Barbara TOSO and Piero SUSMEL
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Ass.Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
One hundred dried samples of forage, harvested three or four times during 1997
and 1999 in different morphological stages were analysed for chemical
composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD; Tilley and Terry,
1963) and in vitro gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988) by
laboratory methods and by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS
predicted the main chemical components, such as crude protein, crude fibre,
neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, with a very high degree of
accuracy (i.e. the determination coefficient (R2) varied from 93.5 %
for ADF to 98,2 % for NDF), while the coefficients of determination of crude
ash, ether extract and acid detergent lignin were 79.6, 85.1 and 82.3 %,
respectively, with standard errors of cross validation (SECV) exceeding 9.0 %.
The IVDMD was also determined with a high degree of accuracy (R2 =
94.3 %; SECV = 4.3 %), such as parameters of gas production "B" (total gas
production) and "A" (constant factor describing the decay in specific gas
production rate), estimated with the Gompertz model, which have R2
and SECV values of 93.0 and 3.8 % and 94.5 and 8.0 %, respectively. The
parameter "C" (the specific fermentation rate) was predicted with a somewhat
lower degree of accuracy (R2 = 78.3 and SECV = 9.6 %).
Keywords: animal nutrition / forage /
chemical composition / in vitro dry matter digestibility / in vitro
gas production / analytical chemistry / near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
(NIRS)
CONCENTRATION OF ACID DETERGENT
FIBRE BOUND NITROGEN IN GRASSLAND FORAGE
a), Drago
BABNIK and Mojca RESNIK
a) Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova
17, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, senior researcher, Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
The relations between the proportion of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN,
in g kg –1 total N) on one hand and concentrations of crude protein
and crude fibre on the other have been investigated. It was found that with
increasing concentration of crude protein (CP) the proportion of ADIN in
grassland forages decreased while with increasing concentration of crude fibre
(CF) it increased. At given CP concentration the proportion of ADIN in legumes
was higher than in grasses. Proportion of ADIN in hay from extensively managed
grasslands was considerably higher than in hay from intensively managed
grasslands. At given CP concentration there was a tendency of lower proportion
of ADIN in first cut silages in comparison to silages which were made from
consecutive cuts. Equations which enabled prediction of the proportions of ADIN
in the samples of green forage, hay and silage on the basis of concentration of
CP were calculated. It was established that they allowed rough estimates. For
the present, accurate concentration of ADIN can be achieved only by the means of
chemical analysis.
THE INFLUENCE OF BACTERIAL
INOCULANTS ON AEROBIC STABILITY OF SILAGE *
a) and Jasna M.A. STEKAR
a) Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova
17, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
The effect of bacterial inoculants on aerobic stability of silage was studied on
the basis of statistical processing of data from literature. When forage had
higher content of dry matter aerobic stability of grass silage, inoculated with
homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, was lower than in silage without
additives. When forage had low dry matter content, homofermentative lactic acid
bacteria had a favourable effect on aerobic stability and quality of grass
silage. Inoculation of maize, sorghum and cereals improved the quality but
impaired the aerobic stability of silages. An exception was inoculant of
Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcusfaecium that slightly
improved aerobic stability of cereals silage. Heterofermentative lactic acid
bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri improved the quality and aerobic
stability of maize, sorghum and cereal silages and was unaffected in grass
silage. Additives which contained propionic acid bacteria have no effect on the
fermentation of plants which are inherently unstable at aerobic exposure.
THE SULPHUR AND CHLORINE
CONTENTS OF GRASS AND MAIZE SILAGE
Marija RAJČEVIČ a),
Alojz VIDIC, Pavel KUBA, Marijan NEČEMER and Peter KUMP
a) Poslovni sistem Mercator d.d., Dunajska 107,
SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, senior scientist, Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
In seven defined samples of grass and in six samples of maize silage the
contents of sulphur and chlorine were determined by two analytical procedures:
both elements with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), sulphur separately
with inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and
chlorine according to Volhard (Skoog and West, 1963; Official Journal of the EC,
No.L. 155/13, 12/07/71). The average contents of sulphur in grass silage, g kg–1
DM, were 2.53 g and 1.91 g, in maize 0.87 g and 0.75 g by XRF and ICP-AES,
respectively. The differences in the content of sulphur between the two methods
were statistically significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The average contents of
chlorine in grass silage, g kg–1 DM, were 7.69 g and 9.09 g, and in
maize 2.00 g and 2.55 g by XRF and Volhard, respectively. The differences
between the two methods were statistically significant (P < 0.01).
CONNECTION AMONG CAROTENOIDS IN
MAIZE SILAGE AND YOLK COLOUR *
Eva TKALČIČ a),
Jasna M.A. STEKARand Antonija HOLCMAN
a) Kmetijsko gozdarski zavod Maribor, Vinarska 14,
SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenija, M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
In the feeding trial with 600 laying hens of Isa Brown the effect of ensiled
maize grains on colour of yolk and content of beta carotene and xantophylls was
studied. At the age of 32 weeks the hens were divided into six groups, each
contained 100 animals. The experiment lasted 154 days. Two maize hybrids Raissa
and Lotus were compared. In the ration there were 40 % and 60 % of dry matter
from the ensiled grains respectively. The supplemental feeding mixture was the
same in both cases. Groups on trial rations and one control group on feeding
mixture with no added pigment were fed restrictively. In the second control
group the laying hens were fed on complete feeding mixture ad libitum.
The results were statistically processed by SAS/STAT (SAS Institute Inc., 1989).
Rations with 60 % of silage caused significantly darker colour of yolk. The
amount of xanthophylls in the silage was significantly related to xantophylls in
yolk. The content of xanthophylls in yolk depended on their content in rations.
The maize hybrid Raissa affected the darker of yolk colour. Lotus increased the
content of beta-carotene in yolk. There were no differences in the content of
beta-carotene between the hybrids while Lotus contained significantly less
xanthophylls.
The article is a
part of the master of science thesis (justification February 22, 2001),
supervisor prof. Jasna Stekar, Ph.D., co-advisor ass.prof. Antonija Holcman,
Ph.D.
THE EFFECT OF DIET CONTAINING
ARSENIC (III) OXIDE ON THE TRAITS OF EGGS *
a), Špela
MALOVRH and Vanja KNEZ
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Ass.Prof., Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of different
arsenic concentration in feed on the physical traits of eggs. Twenty-four Rhode
Island Red laying hens were divided intofour equal groups. Three groups
received feed mixture with additional arsenic in the form of arsenic (III) oxide
in the following concentrations: 7.5 mg kg–1 (group 1), 15.0 mg kg–1
(group 2) and 30.0 mg kg–1 (group 3). The control group was fed on
diet without additional arsenic. From the third to the seventh day eggs were
collected and measured for physical traits. It has been established that during
the trial period arsenic concentration in diet had a highly significant effect
(P = 0.0001) on shell colour, egg mass, height of dense albumen, as well as on
the number of Haugh units. The effect on shell mass and shell thickness was
significant (P £ 0.01), while there was no significant influence on the colour
of yolk. Changes in physical traits of eggs were not significant during this
period. The only exception was the change in yolk colour, yet it was not due to
arsenic, but to feeding mixture with added colouring the hens had been fed on
prior to trial.
Key words:poultry / hens / animal nutrition / feed /
arsenic / eggs / mass / height of dense albumen / Haugh units / eggshell / yolk
/ colour
____________________
*
The paper is a
part of graduation thesis (justification May 30, 1995), supervisor ass.prof.
Antonija Holcman, Ph.D., co-advisor assoc.prof. Miroslav Štruklec, Ph.D.
TWO TRAITS MODEL FOR LITTER SIZE
OVER PARITIES IN PIGS *
a)+ and Milena KOVAČ
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
M.Sc. + Present address: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17,
SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to estimate genetic correlations between litter size in
gilts and sows for number of born and number of liveborn piglets. Total 24 334
litters of Swedish Landrace (SL), Large White (LW), and both F1 sows; line 12
(SL × LW) and line 21 (LW × SL) were included. High genetic correlations for
number of born piglets (0.92) and also for number of liveborn piglets (0.92)
were obtained by animal model. Due to high genetic correlations litter size
across litters from 1st to 6th
parity can be treated as the same trait. The estimates of heritability for
litter size in gilts and sows were higher for number of born (0.14) than for
number of liveborn piglets (0.12). The results confirmed the adequacy of a
simple repeatability model in the selection for litter size in the population
analyzed.
Key words: pigs / reproduction / litter size / statistics / statistical
analysis / selection / genetic correlations / animal model / two traits model /
repeatability model
____________________
*
This paper is a
part of a master of science thesis (justification 19.4.2000), supervisor
assoc. prof. Milena Kovač, Ph.D.
EQUATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT OF LEAN
MEAT CONTENT IN PIG CARCASSES ON SLAUGHTER LINE
Špela MALOVRH a),
Milena KOVAČ, Marjeta ČANDEK POTOKAR, Silvester ŽGUR and Blaž ŠEGULA
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Ass.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
Assessment of meatiness on slaughter line based upon measurements of explanatory
variables and equation for lean meat content in which measurements are entered.
Equation is evaluated using data from preceding dissection of sufficient number
of carcasses. Considering EU legislation for computation of new formula,
EU-reference and partial dissection were used, as well as double-regression as a
statistical method. Sixty-one carcasses were dissected according to EU-reference
method, and the sample for partial dissection included 130 carcasses. Equations
for lean meat content for method with apparatus Hennessy Grading Probe (HGP) and
two-point method were computed. Equation for HGP met criterion for residual
standard deviation (RSD) of 2.5 (2.43), so it is convenient for introduction of
HGP method on the slaughter line. Substitutive two-point method did not reach
2.5 for RSD. Nevertheless, current equation DM5 for two-point method still
sufficiently estimate the lean meat content. Prior to the introduction of the
new method for HGP on slaughter line, verification is needed.
