THE FUTURE OF MILK AND MEAT
PRODUCTION IN SLOVENIA
Jože OSTERC
a), Slavko ČEPIN, Marija
KLOPČIČ, Marko ČEPON, Silvester ŽGUR, Ivan ŠTUHEC, Drago KOMPAN, Antonija
HOLCMAN and Snežana LEVSTIK
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Prof., Ph.D.
Review paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
The production of milk and meat in Slovenia in the recent years and its future
is presented. Market production of milk and meat has been increased as well as
consumption. The rates of self-sufficiency are 123 % in cow's milk, 114 % in
poultry meat, 97 % in beef, 82 % in pork and 100 % in freshwater fish. Three kg
of milk and one kg of meat of sheep and goats and 0.3 kg meat of rabbit are also
consumed per capita. Because of restricted natural conditions and
environmental sensitivity as well as preservation of fertile soil sustainable
animal production should be introduced. Special attention will be paid to
ethics, which includes ethology and ecology. Despite requirements of more
sustainable animal production meat and milk production could be augmented.
Key words: milk / meat / production / Slovenia
/ sustainable agriculture / animal production
Marija ĐIKIĆ
a)
and Ivan JURIĆ
a)
Univ. of Zagreb, Fac. of Agriculture, Svetošimunska
25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Prof., Ph.D.
Review paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
Production of animal products in Croatia does not meet the demand of consumption
by citizens and tourism. Import of animal products grows, while, in the same
time, utilization of agricultural land is only at 39 %. These trends set the
conditions for the development strategy to stimulate the growth of animal
production. For Croatia, accepting the standards of international conventions
already signed and the European Union (EU) directives will probably mean slowing
down the animal production growth. However, in Croatia there is a dominating
opinion that all the legislation should be in accordance to the standards of EU
countries, especially in tourism, as strategically most important branch of
economy.
Key words: meat / milk / production / Croatia / EU
Melinda ZOMBORSZKY-KOVÁCS
a), Ilona BANCZEROWSKI, Péter
HORN and Ferenc KOVÁCS
a) Univ. of Kaposvár, Fac. of Animal Sciences, Guba
Sándor street 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary, Prof., Ph.D.
Professional paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
The authors give a survey of the most frequently occurring mycotoxins
(Ochratoxin A, trichotecenes, fumonisins and zearalenone) in Hungary, their
harmful effects, and their possible risk of entering the food chain. OA has been
detected in Hungary in coffee, cereals, kidneys of pigs slaughtered, milk and
human blood. There is no residue forming from trichotecenes in animal organisms,
so the risk of consuming toxin by meat and meat products is low, however, they
are excreted in milk, therefore they can occur in milk and milk products. A
preliminary survey of presence of fumonisins and zearalenone in milk suggests
that the contamination of raw milk is theoretically possible, but it seems to be
negligible from the point of view of consumer protection.
Klaus MEYN
a)
a) German Cattle Breeders'
Federation (ADR), Adenauerallee 174, D-53113 Bonn, Germany, Ph.D.
Review paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
An overview is given of the domestic animal populations, their production and
the market supply situation in the Europe Union (EU-15) and the 10 accession
countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Following a description of the
general legislative process at the EU, the main subjects for legislation
affecting animal production are listed. A detailed description is given of the
zootechnical (animal breeding) legislation for the cattle, pig, sheep and goat,
and horse species including the basic directives with accompanying decisions
which lay down the rules for performance recording and genetic evaluation, and
for the criteria for the recognition of breeding organisations, pedigree or
hybrid registers and pedigree or hybrid certificates. The Third Country
Directive regulating the importation of breeding material from outside the EU is
also described.
Key words: animal production / EU / legislation
/ animal health / cattle / pigs / sheep / goats / horses
THE MILK PRODUCTION IN THE CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE AND THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Emil ERJAVEC
a)
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Assoc.Prof., Ph.D.
Review paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
Milk market and agricultural policy measures in Central and Eastern European
countries (CEECs) in comparison to the European Union (EU) are presented with
regard to some key questions of EU enlargement in this field. The production and
processing of milk in CEECs do not match the European standards referring to
technology, economy of scale, hygiene, animal welfare and environmental
criteria. The agricultural policy of CEECs can only partly be compared to the
common market policy. The support level is high although the producer prices are
30–40 percent lower than in the EU. Nevertheless, no immediate approach to the
European price level and increased milk production can be expected after the
enlargement. Milk production and processing in CEECs are not competitive with
the milk industry in the EU that will even obtain new markets after the
enlargement. Accession negotiations for milk were started in July 2000 for the
first group of CEEC candidates after the negotiating positions were settled. The
negotiations will concern quotas for which no significant deviations from
statistical production in the referred period and in implementation of required
mechanisms for common market policy are expected. Quick and efficient
modernisation of public administration and competitive milk production and
processing are essential for accession.
Key words: milk production / CEECs / EU /
enlargement / common agricultural policy
FUTURE TASKS OF VETERINARY SERVICE IN
PRODUCTION OF MEAT AND MILK IN SLOVENIA
Milan POGAČNIKa)
and Črtomir BORKO
a)
Univ. of
Ljubljana, Veterinary Fac., Gerbičeva ulica 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia,
Prof., Ph.D., M.Sc.
Professional paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
Authors present developmental wievpoints of the veterinary application and tasks
in meat and milk production with an emphasis on control and suppression of
infectious diseases. They are, despite a favourable situtation in our country, a
continous threat for animals of all species and categories and have a
fundamental effect on the production economy. Reproduction of domestic animals
is a rapidly developing branch of veterinary medicine. The application of
research results to practical work, however, essentialy assists the
profitability of stockbreeding production. Burdening of living organisms due to
biological, chemical and physical pollutants has been recognised as an important
factor in animal health and production and has set up new tasks for veterinary
service. Enviromental wievpoints are, among other, associated to health control
of animal nutrition, which is gaining importance because of its connection to
human nutrition in the so called “food chain”. Authors performed their analysis
of chapters mentioned above on the basis of present situation and established
legislation of R Slovenia and anticipated developmental directions in accordance
with development of veterinary science and legislation in Europe.
Key words: veterinary service / meat / milk /
production / development / Slovenia / EU
Mirko LOJKIĆ
a), Lorena JEMERŠIĆ and Svjetlana TERZIĆ
a) Croatian Veterinary
Institute, Savska cesta 143, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Ph.D.
Professional paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
Immunoprophylaxis of some viral disease of swine is a necessity, especially in
intensive breeding farms. The possibility of disease occurrence requires a well
prepared immunoprophylaxis programme and a possibility of the immune response
control. The choice of vaccine, when and how to vaccinate, depends upon factors
like epizootic situation, maternal immunity, breeding conditions and others that
could influence the appearance and disease spreading. Vaccination programmes of
some important viral diseases are based on experience and scientific
achievements. The recommended immunoprophylaxis programmes for classical swine
fever, Aujeszky's disease, parvovirosis and transmissible gastroenteritis cover
almost all categories of swine. Vaccination of swine against porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome is possible but is not applied in Croatia.
There is no vaccination against foot and mouth disease.
a)
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac.,
Zootechnical Dept., Institute for Dairy Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale,
Slovenia, Ass.Prof., Ph.D., M.Sc.
Professional paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
The dairy laboratory system in Slovenia is composed of different types of
laboratories, depending on the purpose of testing and the requirements of the
founders. This paper describes the operation of dairy laboratories and the basis
of the functioning of the Laboratory for Dairying at the Biotechnical Faculty,
in relation to other laboratories used for the quality control of raw milk in
Slovenia. The system of analytical quality assurance is described as well as the
determinations of laboratory testing performance; by means of proficiency
testing and other inter laboratory comparisons. The achieving of quality
criteria, ways of taking over the methods and criteria of quality requirements
and connection to international institutions are also included. The system of
official quality control of milk products running in Slovenia at the present
time, by veterinary and public health laboratories, in addition to dairy
laboratories, is also mentioned.
Key words: dairy laboratories / system / milk /
quality / control / Slovenia
Andrej ŠALEHARa),
Antonija HOLCMAN, Drago KOMPAN and Metka ŽAN
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Professor emeritus, Prof., Ph.D.
Professional paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT
Definitions of the term breed differ and are usually very general. They do not
include any objective measurement to undoubtedly define any group of domestic
animals as a breed. Also information on the origin of breeds is often very
superficial; and data on the origin of the Lipizzan horse presented in the
article prove that. European Union (EU) regulations, which are in preparation,
include beside the term breed also the term “sub-populations” and the procedure
for their determination. A special official group has to decide about the
defining a group of domestic animals as a breed. The decision has to be based on
data on the development, morphological- and productive traits of that group.
