ANIMAL SCIENCE, PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION: BIBLIOMETRIC
EVALUATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA IN DOCUMENTS PUBLISHED IN SLOVENIA BETWEEN
1994–2000
a)
a) Univ. of
Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Agronomy Dept., Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ass.Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT We evaluated bibliographic elements in 790 documents related
to animal science, production and protection from among 2844 documents (D)
published in Slovenia between 1994–2000 and indexed by the Slovenian Agris
Centre for inclusion in Agris database. Yearly output differed due to intensive
production of proceedings papers in certain years. About 69% of D were published
in Slovenian language and 27% in English. Among 675 authors, 371 authors
published only one D, and 7 published 20 or more D. More than 50 D were written
by 5 to 10 co-authors, and 313 D by only one author. Slovenians accounted for
the majority of authors, as expected. Croatia, Hungary and Germany accounted for
the majority of foreign D. Among university-affiliated contributors, there was
slight advantage of the Veterinary Faculty of the University of Ljubljana over
the Biotechnical Faculty and its Zootechnical Department. Most D (735) were
journal articles, 181 proceedings papers, and 126 were articles in journal
supplements. The final selection of 790 records was strongly impacted by the
existing Agris classification scheme. We included most D pertaining to various
aspects of animal production, physiology, and health. We had to exclude food and
feed-related D, however, because these categories do not differentiate between
plant/crop-related and animal-related topics. The existing schemes,
nevertheless, use the same criteria for different (sub)disciplines, e.g. animal
and plant/ crop science, forestry, wood technology, food/ feed science, so they
present a possibility for comparison of (sub)disciplines.
Key words: agriculture /
animal science / data collection / data analysis / databases / diffusion of
information / documentation / information processing / information science /
publications / research evaluation
BUTYRIVIBRIO
STRAINS – IMPORTANT BUTYRATE PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM ANIMAL GASTRO-INTESTINAL
TRACT AND CURRENT TAXONOMIC STATUS OF STRAINS IN THIS GENUS
a)
and Romana MARINŠEK LOGAR
a) Univ. of
Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale,
Slovenia.
Review article
Language: English
ABSTRACT Bacteria belonging to or resembling the genus Butyrivibrio
represent a significant proportion of bacterial isolates from different
mammalian gastro-intestinal tracts from all over the world. The main
characteristic of this genus is production of butyric acid, which has an
important role in maintaining colonic health. The rumen strains – B.
fibrisolvens are also known producers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA),
bacteriocins and several hydrolytic enzymes that contribute to effective forage
digestion. Genus Butyrivibrio contains isolates that are very diverse in
both genomic and phenotypic properties. Different researchers have proposed the
grouping of isolates on the basis of some specific characteristics but up to now
none was recognised as a new species. Therefore, a complex approach is needed to
set basis for new species delineation and characterisations and to define a set
of reasonable diagnostic methods for their discrimination.
a), Jože VERBIČand Tomaž ŽNIDARŠIČ
a)
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17,
SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, research adviser, Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Concentration of net energy for lactation (NEL) of 80 grass
silage samples was estimated on the basis of chemical composition and in
vitro method, which was based on the gas produced during the incubation of
samples with rumen liquor. Values were compared to the estimates obtained by the
procedures that are usual for Slovenian laboratories, i.e. on the basis of
chemical composition and digestibility coefficients from tables or by the use of
regression equations from literature. It was established that recently published
tables and equations overestimated NEL concentration. NEL concentrations which
were obtained by the use of digestibility coefficients published in DLG (1991)
tables overestimated in vitro obtained values for 0.42 ± 0.43 MJ, DLG
(1997) tables for 0.50 ± 0.36 MJ, equation according to Menke and Steingass
(1987) for 0.36 ± 0.42 MJ and GfE (1998) equations for 0.53±0.40 MJ NEL kg–1
dry matter (DM). The regression analysis showed that all estimates deviated
systematically from in vitro estimated values. For the estimation of low
quality samples, which contain less than 5.5 MJ NEL kg–1 DM, the
usage of old German tables (DLG, 1982) can be recommended while for samples that
contain more than 5.5 MJ NEL kg–1 DM recently published tables (DLG,
1997) and official German equations (GfE, 1998) are more suitable. Relatively
high average individual deviations from in vitro estimated values (from
0.33 to 0.57 MJ NEL kg–1 DM) were characteristic for all estimates.
Maximal individual deviation reached 1.5 MJ NEL kg–1 DM. New
regression equations for estimation of metabolizable energy concentration and
NEL in grass silages were proposed. It was found out that by the use of new
equations deviations from the in vitro estimated values can be reduced,
however, unexplained deviations of about 0.3 MJ NEL kg–1 DM cannot be
avoided by the means of classical Weende analysis.
Key words: feed / grass
silage / chemical composition / feed evaluation / metabolizable energy / net
energy for lactation / multiple regression equations
____________________
*
Part of the data which are presented in this paper originates
from graduation thesis of Tomaž Žnidaršič (justification July 5, 2001),
supervisor ass. prof. Jože Verbič, Ph.D. and co-adviser ass. prof. Andrej
Lavrenčič, Ph.D.
ESTIMATION OF MINERAL CONTENT IN FORAGES BY NEAR-INFRARED
REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
a), Bruno
Stefanon and Andrej OREŠNIK
a)Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Ass.Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT In 100 dried samples of forages, harvested three or four
times during 1997 and 1999 in different morphological stages the macro- (Ca, P,
Mg, K and Na) and trace- (Zn, Mn and Se) mineral contents were determined by
chemical methods and by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The
accuracy calibration equations of NIRS for macrominerals Ca, P, Mg and K showed
a high degree of accuracy, with an R2 of 0.963, 0.884, 0.892 and
0.939, respectively. These results suggest that these macrominerals are probably
closely associated with the organic components, such as plant cell wall (Ca and
Mg), chlorophyll (Mg), phytates, phospholipids, phosphoproteins and nucleic
acids (P) and organic acids, such as malate (K). On the contrary, NIRS did not
estimate Na content very accurately (R2 = 0.52; coefficient of
variability of cross validation (CVSECV) = 35.5%), suggesting that Na
is not closely associated with organic functional groups or that the amount of
the mineral is below the level of NIRS detection. Similar conlusions are also
valid for trace minerals, where the R2 was 0.642 (SECV = 4.4) for Zn,
0.427 (SECV = 55.6) for Mg and only 0.186 (SECV = 6.5) for Se. The CVSECV
for trace minerals always exceeded 20%. Despite the insensibility of NIRS to
accurately determine Na and certain trace minerals, the NIRS technique may
provide an acceptable prediction of macro mineral contents.
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FIBER SUPPLEMENTS ON QUANTITY OF
MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN DIGESTIVE TRACT OF PIGLETS DETERMINED BY ATP-LUCIFERASE
ASSAY *
Sana FAJDIGA,
Franc V. NEKREP, Alexis ZRIMEC, Janez SALOBIR and
a)
a)Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Ass.Prof., Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT Dietary fibre has positive effects on digestion and on
gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Pigs do not possess indigenous enzymes for its
digestion. Fibre is fermented by gastrointestinal microflora. The influence of
different fibre sources on quantity of microbial biomass in gastrointestinal
tract (GIT) of weaned piglets was studied in our experiment. First we introduced
ATP-luciferase assay with pure E. coli culture, mixture of E. coli
and somatic cells and samples from small and large intestine. The proper
protocol for preparation of samples from GIT for ATP-luciferase assay was
established. Twenty four weaned piglets, divided into four groups, were fed the
same feed except the included fibre: carboxymethylcellulose (group CMC),
lignified cellulose (group LIG) and pure cellulose (group CEL). The control
group received starch instead of fibre (group KON). Piglets were sacrificed
after 13 days of feeding and digesta samples were taken from: stomach, proximal
part of small intestine, distal part of small intestine, caecum, colon and
rectum together. The quantity of microorganisms in different parts of GIT was
estimated by ATP-luciferase assay. The highest concentration (conc.) of
microbial ATP was found in large intestine in all groups. Statistically
significant effect of different fibres on conc. of microbial ATP in different
parts of GIT was not demonstrated. The experiment did not provide evidence that
the soluble dietary fibre (carboxymethylcellulose) would enable more intensive
microbial fermentation in weaned pigs than insoluble fiber. The reason was
probably in big variability and nonhomogenity of samples from GIT.
PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTIC CHEESE WITH ADDITION OF Lactobacillusgasseri
LF221(Rifr) AND K7(Rifr)
Bogdan PERKO, Bojana BOGOVIČ
MATIJAŠIÆ and
a)
a)Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Assoc.Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Lactobacillus gasseri LF221
and K7 are human isolates which produce bacteriocins with wide range of
inhibition, are resistant to low pH-values and bile, survive in the
gastrointestinal tract of mice and pigs, and as such fulfil the basic criteria
for probiotic strain. The possibility of cheese production with addition of
LF221 or K7 and their survival during cheese ripening was studied. The
derivatives of Lactobacillus gasseri LF221(Rifr) and K7(Rifr)
strains resistant to rifampicin (250 μg ml–1) were used in the
experiments. A semi-hard cheese was produced in an experimental dairy from 80 L
of milk. Cheese milk was inoculated with live LF221(Rifr) or K7(Rifr)
cells (approximately 107 ml–1 of cheese milk) alone or in
combination with starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4. TH-4
was used in order to speed up the acedification during the cheesemaking and
pressing of cheeses. During the ripening for six weeks, cheese samples were
weekly aseptically collected and analysed. The microbiological analyses were
performed by standard plate count on Rogosa agar for lactobacilli, on Chalmer
for streptococci, on VRB for koliforms and on MRS agar with 250 mg
ml–1
of rifampicin for selective enumeration of the strains LF221(Rifr)
and K7(Rifr). For the confirmation of LF221 and K7 strains the RAPD
analysis was performed with the primer 5’ AGTCAGCCAC 3’. Both human isolates
grow slowly in milk therefore they can not be used as the only starter culture
for cheese production. With the addition of TH-4 culture the probiotic cheeses
of good organoleptic properties were produced. No adverse effect of human
isolates on streptococcal population was observed. While in the cheeses without
added probiotic strains, the number of non-starter lactobacilli increased during
the ripening, the strains LF221(Rifr) and K7(Rifr)
prevailed in cheeses where added. The colonies grown on MRS agar with rifampicin
were successfully confirmed by RAPD analysis as K7 or LF221 strain. After six
weeks of ripening the number of probiotic bacteria was still approximately 108
cfu g–1 of cheese.
THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF BROILERS FROM FREE RANGE REARING
*
Tomaž POLAK,
Antonija HOLCMAN, Vekoslava STIBILJ and
a)
a)Univ. of
Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva
101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia,
Assoc. Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: English
ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the effect of rearing method
on the fatty acid composition of broiler meat. The subjects were chickens of two
genotypes (Ross 208 and Prelux-bro). Experiment went on for 56 days, chickens
were kept in a standard deep litter house and fed the same diet. After 28 days
chickens were divided into two groups of 50 birds, the first grup had a 12-hours
daily access to a grassy surface (free range), the second remaining indoors. At
the end of experiment, 8 broilers per group (total of 32) were randomly chosen
for fatty acid composition analysis. After slaughter, breasts and legs with skin
were excised, homogenised and freeze-stored. Analyses of fatty acid composition
was preformed by gas-liquid chromatography (in situ transesterification).
The results were processed with statistical computer program SAS. From the
perspective of human nutrition, free range broilers gave meat with better fatty
acid composition (increased content of w-3
and
w-6
fatty acids) compared to indoor raised chickens. Fatty acid composition was more
favourable for breast then leg, and for Prelux-bro than Ross 208 genotype.
The article is part of a graduation thesis (justification
July 9, 1999), supervisor assoc.prof. Božidar Žlender, Ph.D., co-advisor
ass.prof. Vekoslava Stibilj, Ph.D.
ENGINEERING SCHEME FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF PANEL-TYPE LIVESTOCK BUILDING
Krasimir ENIMANEV, Kondiu
ANDONOV and
a)
a)Academy GRIFON,
1”
Rodosto “ Str., BG-7000 Rousse, Bulgaria.
Professional article
Language: English
ABSTRACT A model for reconstruction of typical panel type livestock
building is suggested. The reconstruction scheme ensures controlled natural
ventilation and smooth regulation of air exchange in the building. The board
fence (walls and roof) is turned into recuperative heat exchanger, forming
feeding and sucking canals. A business plan for carrying out the reconstruction
without any break in production process is suggested too, which leads to
decrease in investment volume.
Key words: livestock
production / panel type buildings / reconstruction / models
ARLY
RETIREMENT SCHEME FOR FARMERS IN SLOVENIA AND ITS POTENTIAL EFFECTS – DESIRE OR
REALITY?
a)
a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac.,
Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia, higher lecturer.,
Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Suitability and economic dimension of possible early
retirement scheme for farmers in Slovenia has been studied. Scenario simulation
analysis has been applied with key variables including age structure of farmers,
their employment status and utilised agricultural area. Farmers’ response to
potentially introduced measure has been estimated with questionnaire, allowing
us together with structure of farms of potentially eligible farmers
accomplishment of budgetary impacts projection of retirement scheme. Proposed
measure would significantly accelerate exchange of farmers’ generation, but
would be less effective in improvement of farm size structure. Average costs per
hectare of transferred lands are projected between 500 and 700 € annually, with
rents paid for at least 10 years. Budget of 20 to 25 million € per year would
free as much as 30 to 35 thousand hectares of agricultural lands during first
years of scheme implementation. In the case of less funds available land
transfer would be smaller, but not proportionally due to higher economic
efficiency under more rigorous eligibility criteria. Early retirement scheme
would be relatively expensive in Slovenian environment due to small farm size
structure, resulting in small land transfer per transferor. However, taking into
account co-financing rate of 75–80% from European agricultural guidance and
guarantee fund, all possibilities of the measure should be exploited.
