A NOTE ON THE POSSIBILITY TO INCLUDE CARCASS TRAITS IN THE
PREDICTION OF BREEDING VALUES FOR PIGS *
a), Špela
MALOVRH, Milena KOVAČ, Marija GLAVAČ-VNUK and Johan ZRIM
a) Univ. of
Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale,
Slovenia.
Original scientific article
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Genetic parameters for measurements, which are taken on the
slaughter line for meat percentage evaluation and some ham traits, were
estimated with intention, to study the possibility of including these traits in
the prediction of breeding value for pigs. Data from 2167 pigs (1046 barrows and
1121 gilts) with known pedigree were analyzed. Pigs were group housed and
fattened on ad libitum feeding regime in field environment of farm
Nemščak. Pigs were slaughtered between April 1999 and December 2000. Variance
components were estimated with univariate models by restricted maximum
likelihood method (REML). The models included sex, genotype and season
(year-month) as fixed effects and warm carcass weight or age at slaughter as
linear regression. Estimates of heritability were moderate to high, for warm
carcass weight (0.32), loin depth (0.41), loin fat thickness (0.45), lean meat
percentage (0.46), lean meat weight (0.38), ham weight (0.32), weight of skin
with subcutaneous fat of ham (0.47), weight of meat and bones of ham (0.41),
average daily gain of warm carcass weight (0.32) and for lean meat (0.38).
Additive genetic variances were also high. Lean meat percentage and weight of
skin with subcutaneous fat of ham are candidate traits for inclusion in
selection program.
The article is a part of a
graduation thesis 'Carcass traits for prediction of breeding values in pigs',
issued by Gregor Gorjanc, supervisor assoc. prof. Milena Kovač, Ph.D.
DNA ANALYSIS OF
ACIDOCIN LF221 A AND B GENES, PRODUCED
BY Lactobacillus gasseri LF221
*
and Irena ROGELJ
a) Univ. of
Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale,
Slovenia, Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific article
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Molecular biology tools were used to locate and analyse
genetic determinants coding for acidocin LF221 A and acidocin LF221 B,
respectively. 0.9 kb BamHI/HindIII fragment, carrying information
for acidocin LF221 A was subjected to the sequencing reaction which revealed two
complete ORFs and one incomplete. OrfA2 was determined to code for acidocin
LF221 A (Acd221A), while OrfA3 codes a peptide, composed of 90 amino acids which
probably acts as an immunity protein. Truncated OrfA1, consisting of 37 amino
acids for the moment, represents a putative complementary component (Acd221α) of
the acidocin LF221 A. Analysis of the 1.8 kb EcoRI/HindIII
fragment, carrying the acidocin LF221 B gene, confirmed the presence of 4
complete ORFs and fifth incomplete. OrfB3, OrfB4 and OrfB5 coding for the
complementary component (Acd221β) to acidocin LF221 B,
the active acidocin LF221 B (Acd221B) and the putative
immunity protein, respectively, are organized in one operon. Analyses of the
genetic determinants of the acidocin LF221 A and acidocin LF221 B and their
flanking loci revealed that LF221 acidocins are two different, two-peptide
bacteriocins produced by L. gasseri LF221.
The article is a part of
dissertation thesis 'Classification of Lactobacillus gasseri LF221
bacteriocins based on their genetic determinants', issued by Andreja Čanžek
Majhenič, supervisor assoc. prof. Irena Rogelj, Ph.D.
THE EFFECT OF LONG -TERM GRASS SILAGE STORAGE ON ITS NUTRITIVE
VALUE AND QUALITY
a) and Jože VERBIČ
a)
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17,
SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, research adviser, Ph.D., M.Sc.
Original scientific article
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Italian ryegrass was cut on 10th May 1988 and
ensiled in experimental silo (100 l) either directly (S/0) or after wilting for
6 (S/6), 10 (S/10), 30 (S/30) or 34 (S/34) hours. Dry matter (DM) concentration
increased from 190 g kg-1 at cutting time to 230, 267, 376 and 434 g
kg-1 after 6, 10, 30 and 36 hours of wilting. Formic acid treated
silage (4 g of 85 % formic acid per kg) was also prepared from unwilted grass
(S/0 MK). The silos were opened after 12 years. The silages S/0, S/0 MK, S/6,
S/10, S/30 and S/34 contained 106, 171, 215, 241, 346 and 412 g DM kg-1,respectively. They contained 1.8, 104.2, 97.3, 77.4, 83.5 and 48.0 g
lactic acid, 55.5, 34.6, 26.7, 24.0, 19.8 and 15.2 g acetic acid and 53.96,
4.81, 4.05, 11.37, 0.01 and 0.00 g butyric acid per kg DM, respectively. The
proportions of ammonia N in S/0, S/0 MK, S/6, S/10, S/30 and S/34 were 552, 195,
211, 212, 108 and 69 g kg-1 total N, respectively. Both wilting and
formic acid treatment improved stability of silage. The proportion of ammonia N
and the concentration of acetic acid were negatively related to DM concentration
(r = –0.84 and –0.89, P < 0.05). Both wilting and
formic acid treatment improved the stability of silage. The concentration of NEL
was markedly lower in S/0 (3.62 MJ kg-1 DM) than in wilted (from 5.01
to 5.39 MJ kg -1 DM) and formic acid treated (5.22 MJ kg -1
DM) silages. Concentration of NEL was negatively related to the proportion of
ammonia N (r = –0.98, P < 0.001), the concentration of acetic (r = –0.91,
P < 0.05), propionic (r = –0.98, P < 0.001) and
butyric acid (r = –0.99, P < 0.001). The
results of the current study suggest that well fermented wilted grass silages
can be stored in air tight silos for a period of more than ten years without
taking a risk of being spoiled. In direct cut silage, lactic acid was degraded
and silage got spoiled. Long term stability of unwilted silage can be improved
by the formic acid treatment.
COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR FIBRE CONTENTS DETERMINATION IN
FORAGES *
a), Andrej OREŠNIK and Andreja BRANK
a)Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Ass. Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
In 76 samples of Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, timothy and red clover,
harvested in different morphological stages, the crude fibre (CF) content was
determined according to the method of Naumann and Bassler (1976) and neutral
detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin
(ADL) were determined according to the methods of Goering and Van Soest (1970).
CF, NDF, ADF and ADL contents of the same samples were also determined with the
use of filter bags and labelled as CFFB, NDFFB, ADFFB
and ADLFB. In contrast to grasses, where the differences between NDF
and NDFFB, ADF in ADFFB and ADL in ADLFB were
small (in average the largest difference was 20 g kg–1 DM between ADF
and ADFFB in perennial ryegrass), the differences between NDF and NDFFB,
ADF and ADFFB, ADL and ADLFB contents in red clover were
large (in average 46, 66 and 35 g kg–1 DM, respectively). The
differences between CF and CFFB contents in grasses and red clover
were not so large (in average teh largest difference was 17 g kg–1 DM
in red clover). If the samples of red clover were rinsed with acetone before NDFFB,
ADFFB and ADLFB contents determination (acNDFFB,
acADFFB and acADLFB) the differences between them and NDF,
ADF and ADL contents greatly diminished (in average to 15, 17 and 5 g kg–1
DM, respectively). The accuracy of the relationship between CF, NDF, ADF and ADL
contents and fibre contents determined with the filter bags was measured with
the coefficient of determination (R2) in standard error of the
estimate (SEE). The best predictions for CF (R2 = 0.89, SEE = 1.73),
NDF (R2 = 0.98, SEE = 1.73), ADF (R2 = 0.90, SEE = 1.73)
and ADL (R2 = 0.69, SEE = 1.73) contents were those which contained
as a single dependent variable CFFB, NDFFB, ADFFB
and ADLFB of grasses and CFFB, acNDFFB, acADFFB
and acADLFB of red clover. Results showed that the filter bag method
is convenient for the determination of the CF, NDF and ADF contents, but is less
suitable for the determination of ADF content.
The data presented in this paper originates from graduation
thesis of Andreja Brank 'Comparison of two methods for fibre determination',
supervisor ass. prof. Andrej Lavrenčič, cosupervisor prof. Andrej Orešnik,
Ph.D.
Andreja ŠIRCA-ČAMPA
a), Nataša FIDLER MIS, Irena HREN, Marjeta SEDMAK, Jernej BRECELJ,
Ciril KRŽIŠNIK c) and Berthold KOLETZKO
a)University Medical Centre
Ljubljana, University Children’s Hospital, Vrazov trg 1, SI-1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia.
Preliminary communication
Language: English
ABSTRACT The dietary intake during lactation plays an important role.
Till now 40 lactating Slovenian women at 1–3.5
month post partum participated in the study. Dietary intakes
were assessed by
7-day weighted protocols and evaluated by Prodi 4.5 expert plus computer
programme. The preliminary results were compared with the central
European reference values for nutrient intakes (D-A-CH, 2000).We
observed a too low average daily carbohydrate intake by 31 % and a too low
average daily protein and fat intake by 24 %. This reflected in a relatively low
daily energy intake, which was by 27 % below the recommended Central European
referential values . Intakes of Mg (88%),
Fe (67%), I (52%), F (41%),
Vit.A (48%), D (53%), E
(88%), B1 (78%),
C (75%) and folic acid (42%)
were below the D-A-CH recommended values. The ratio
between SFA, MUFA and PUFA was 2.5 : 2.1 : 1. The energy intake was too low;
whereas the proportion between macronutrients was adequate. The absolute and
proportional intake of dietary fibre, Mg, Fe, I, F, vitamins A, D, E, B1,
C and folic acid was too low, whereas the intake of saturated fatty acids was
too high. Our preliminary results suggest that the diet of lactating
women in Slovenia needs further attention and should be studied in more detail.
Key
words: human nutrition / lactating women / lactation / breast-feeding / dietary
intake / recommendations / infant health
LOG-CONCAVE CHARACTER OF MICROBIAL GROWTH FUNCTION WITHOUT LAG
PHASE
a)and
a)Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Večna pot 83, SI-1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia, Assoc. Prof., Ph.D.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Minot's law, that the relative growth rate is decreasing
everywhere on the domain of increasing microbial growth function, we extend also
to the domain where the observed culture decays. We show that the growth
function which fulfils this law is logarithmically concave and is always of the
form where
is a decreasing function. The end of lag phase is defined as
the beginning of log-concavity of growth function. We describe other general
mathematical characteristics of such growth functions and derive the basic
principle of approximation of concrete data. At the end we suggest a simple
model as an example.
Key
words: microbial growth / batch culture / growth function / log-concave / lag
phase / approximation / growth model
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE NATURALLY DRIED HOP PLANT AND IT'S
INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF BEER
Majda VIRANT
a)
a)Inštitut za hmeljarstvo in
pivovarstvo Žalec, Cesta Žalskega tabora 2, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia.
Original scientific paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT
In the past five years we have been monitoring the chemical composition of two
hop cultivars Aurora and Bobek, harvested during the time of technical maturity
and naturally dried on the hop plant in the hop garden. The hop was harvested at
the end of November or at the beginning of December. The influence of chemical
changes on hop resins, the quantity of essential oil and the composition of the
oils was measured in beer, brewed in the pilot brewery. The results show that
late harvest of so-called 'Ice Hop' affects the colour of wort and beer (more
intense), the content of polyphenols and anthocyanogenes is reduced and the
utilisation of alpha acids is better. It also affects the sensory estimates of
beer.
Key
words: hop / cultivar / chemical properties / hop resins / hop essential oil /
beer / quality / colour / polyphenols / anthocyanogenes / alpha acids
____________________
*
The article was publish in Proceedings of the 28th EBC
(European Brewery Convention) congress: Budapest 12–17 May 2001. Nűrnberg:
Fachverlag Hans Carl, cop. 2001.
MULTIRESIDUAL ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Helena BAŠA ČESNIK
a) and Ana GREGORČIČ
a) Agricultural Institute of
Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, M.Sc.
Review paper
Language: Slovene
ABSTRACT Laboratories which control pesticide residues in food need a
fast and efficient multiresidual method that enables simple determination of a
wide variety of substances. For this purpose we developed a method for
simultaneous determination of 43 active substances. The method implies common
preparation of a sample and its analysis using gas chromatograph coupled with
mass selective detector. The method is suitable for active substances from very
polar (e.g. metamidphos) to non-polar ones (e.g. DDT). It was used for
determination of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables as part of national
monitoring programme in Slovenia in the years 2001 and 2002.
Key words:
food / fruit / vegetables / pesticides / monitoring / multiresidual method / gas
chromatography / mass spectrometry / Slovenia
