TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF ADIPOGENESIS AND ROLE OF THE
COACTIVATOR PGC-1a[1]
a) and
Peter DOVČ
a)
Krka, d. d., Dunajska 65, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
Adipogenesis is a
complex proces, depending on numerous genetic and environmental factors.
Study of the molecular basis of adipogenesis becomes, due to its central
role in obesity and diabetes type-2 in human, more and more important also
in human medicine. Adipogenesis is of central importance also for animal
production, due to its impact on carcass composition, meat quality and
profitability of fattening. In addition to the role of leptin and leptin
receptor in adipogenesis, a new regulatory mechanism was recently
discovered, which includes adaptive thermogenesis and biosynthesis of
mitochondria. Important regulators of these processes are PPARg
and his co-activator PGC-1a.
In this article we describe the mechanism of adipogenesis regulation and the
role of PPARg
and PGC-1a
in it. The interspecies comparison of PGC-1aamino sequence and possibilities for development
of drugs regulating PGC-1aare presented.
[1]
This article is part of a doctoral thesis ´Molecular background of fat
tissue formation in pig (Sus scrofa)`, issued by Tamara Miloševič
Berlič, supervisor prof. Peter Dovč, Ph.D.
Agris category
codes: L10, Q01
COBISS Code 1.02
Language: English
MILK PRODUCTION IN THE POST-GENOMIC ERA
Polona FRAJMAN a)
and Peter DOVČ
a)Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
ABSTRACT
Milk plays an important role in
human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of
increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of
milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA
technology in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled
studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in
their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production
of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in
some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle
genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003.
In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for
economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk
composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a
number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production traits
allowed construction of cattle genome microarrays. Functional studies of
milk protein genes revealed the impact of different genetic variants on
technological properties of milk. Genomics approach thus offers an entirely
new way to identify complex interactions among milk protein genes other
genes involved in milk production and elucidation of the complex regulatory
network allowing efficient milk production in the mammary gland.
POLYMORPHISMS OF b-LACTOGLOBULIN
AND aS1-CASEIN
GENES IN THE PAG ISLAD SHEEP [1]
Ante
IVANKOVIĆ a) and Peter DOVČ b)
a) Univ. v Zagrebu, Agronomski
fak., Odd. za živinorejo, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska,
Ass.Prof., Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
Polymorphisms of lactoprotein genes have a significant
effect on technological properties of milk. In spite of the fact that
literature data on the impact of lactoprotein variants on cheese making
properties are sometimes contradictory, the information about the
lactoprotein genotypes becomes important in selection programs in order to
improve frequency of favourable alleles for technological properties of
milk. The main product of the Pag Islad Sheep is milk, which is mainly used
for manufacturinh of well known Pag Cheese. The improvement of cheese making
properties of the Pag Island Sheep milk would contribute significantly to
the rentability of the breed. In order to estimate the frequency of alleles
contributing to technological properties of milk, we genotyped
b-lactoglobulin
and as1-casein
loci of 40 Pag Island Sheep. Genotyping was performed using PCR followed by
restriction analysis. At the b-lactoglobulin
locus alleles A and B (0.5375; 0.4625) were found whereas at the
as1-casein
locus genotyping of alleles A in D (0.0875; 0.1340) was performed. According
to the literaure data, we can conclude that allele frequencies at
b-lactoglobulin
and as1-casein
locus in the population of Pag Island Sheep are not optimal for cheese
making properties of milk. Application of molecular techniques would enable
relatively rapid improvement of allelic frequencies towards technologically
favourable alleles. This would also improve economical parameters of milk
production with Pag Island Sheep breed, which is only known for special Pag
cheese.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOTYPES IN SLOVENIAN LIPIZZAN MARE
FAMILIES
Tatjana KAVAR
a)+, Franc HABE and Peter DOVČ
a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical
Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
+ At present: Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova 17, SI-1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ph.D., B.Sc.
ABSTRACT
Sequencing of
mitochondrial DNA from 53 Slovenian Lipizzans revealed 17 distinct mtDNA
haplotypes: ten haplotypes (Capriola, Allegra, Monteaura, Slavina, Batosta, Gratiosa, Wera, Betalka, Dubovina and Gaetana) were present in classical mare families, haplotype Thais in the new Slovenian mare family Rebecca and haplotypes C,
M, Strana, Trompeta, Boka and Y in mare
families of Croatian, Romanian or Hungarian origin. We expected
large amount of “classical” haplotypes, because after 1947 the Lipizzan
breed in Slovenia was re-established using mainly Lipizzans from classical
mare families. However, Lipizzans from incorrect mare families were probably
used for the recovery of three classical families and therefore in these
three families Slovenian Lipizzans had different haplotypes than other
European Lipizzans. Additional pedigree errors were detected in four
families showing more than one haplotype. We suggested that pedigree errors
should be corrected by introduction of several new mare families and by
minor re-distributions of Lipizzans among mare families. Geographical origin
of the Lipizzan haplotypes remains uncertain, but haplotypes Allegra and
Monteaura could be of Spanish origin due to the highest frequency of these
haplotypes in Iberian (Andalusian and Lusitano) and North African horses
(Barbs). Kladrubian origin of haplotypes Batosta and Slavina, which are
characteristic for Lipizzan mare families of Kladrubian origin, Africa and
Almerina, could be supported by the presence of both haplotypes in the
present Kladruber horses. The Arabic origin of haplotype Gaetana, which is
characteristic for the Lipizzan mare family of Arabic origin, could be
supported by the high frequency of the haplotype Gaetana in Arabian horses.
XYLAN DEGRADATION BY DIFFERENT XYLANASES OF RUMEN BACTERIUM
Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans Mz5T
a),
Katarina FIDLER and Romana MARINŠEK-LOGAR
a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept., Groblje 3,
SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia, M.Sc.
ABSTRACT
The use of xylanases as feed additives for monogastric animals is very
promising. Many experiments have proved their beneficial effect on animal
health and performance. A new rumen bacterium species has recently been
isolated: P. xylanivorans, type strain Mz5T, which has a
very high xylanolytic activity. Some of its xylanolytic enzymes have already
been described. We want to analyse the rest of them to find the reason for
its high xylanolytic activity and to assess the possibilities of using this
bacterium as a probiotic for monogastric animals (pigs, poultry) or its
enzymes as feed additives. We have partially isolated two xylanases from the
cell extract: 44 kDa and 81 kDa and examined their properties. We also
compared enzyme activities of cell surface xylanases with xylanases in cell
extract. The 44 kDa xylanase is an exoxylanase without β-xylosidase
activity. We assume that the 81 kDa xylanase is an endoxylanase. Xylanolytic
enzymes on the cell surface are efficient xylan degraders, but they are
unable to degrade xylobiose. Xylobiose is degraded by xylanolytic enzymes
inside the cell.
Agris
category codes: Q01, Q04
COBISS Code 1.01
Language: English
DISTRIBUTION OF TISSUES
IN THE CARCASS OF TUROPOLJE PIG, AN AUTOCHTONOUS CROATIAN BREED
Marija ĐIKIĆ a), Krešimir SALAJPAL, Danijel KAROLYI,
Ivan JURIĆ and
Vlatko RUPIĆ
a)
Univ. of Zagreb, Fac. of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Svetošimunska
c. 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Prof., Ph.D., M.Sc.
ABSTRACT
Carcass composition and distribution of tissues in the carcass of Turopolje
pig were established by analysing the share of muscle (M), fat (F) and bone
(B) tissue in the carcass and each of this tissues from parts leg, shoulder,
loin, neck and belly-rib part (BRP) in the carcass as well as the same
tissue in the parts. Investigation was caried out in two groups of fattened
pigs at different age and live weight at slaughtering (TI n = 10,
age 584 ± 20 days and 81.9 kg ± 6.1 kg; TII n = 9, age 679 ± 20
days and 100.3 kg ± 4.9 kg). Pigs were fattened in the outdoor system of
flood forests and marsh meadows biocenosis (Quercus robur and
Deschampsietum caespitosae) according to traditional Croatian technology
of low input feed (0.5 kg/day/animal). On the slaughter line the animals and
carcasses were separetly weighted and cut according to Weniger method and by
total dissection. In the groups TI and TII the
percentages of muscle (38.2% and 40.5%, respectively) and bone tissue (10.6%
and 9.7%, respectively) were significantly different in the carcass, while
the share of fat (34.2% and 33.8%, respectively) was not significantly
different. In the groups TI and TII the distribution
of muscle, fat and bone tissue in the body parts leg, shoulder, loin, neck
and belly-rib part (BRP) were estimated.
