Agris category codes: /
COBISS Code 1.02 Language: English
THE
FIRST DECADE OF Terminal restriction fragment LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (t-rflp)
IN MICROBIAL ECOLogy
a)
a) Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Večna pot 111,
SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ph.D., M.Sc.
ABSTRACT
Terminal
restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was introduced to
environmental microbiology only a decade ago but it soon became a molecular
tool of choice, due to its high throughput and phylogenetic resolution.
Fierce discussions accompanied the new method leading to sophistication of
the data preparation, acquisition, manipulation and standardization of
analysis. Consequently, numerous approaches were proposed at various steps
and also criticized. As a result, a combination of variable percentage
threshold and Bray-Curtis index used in non-metric multidimensional scaling
are now being accepted. Their combination offers a balance between noise
elimination and information retention yielding a powerful and yet easily
interpreted method to examine community patterns based on T-RFLP data. Its
current state of the art and future developments highlight the potential of
the method in the field of microbial ecology. However, a more standardized
approach and a higher level of control at all stages of T-RFLP
fingerprinting are needed.
CAPABILITY OF
BIOHYDROGENATION OF LINOLEIC ACID IN RUMEN BACTERIUM PseudobutyrivibrioxylanivoransMz5T
a) and Estelle DEVILLARD
a)Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical fac., Zootechnical Dept.,
Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia,
Asist., Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional and geometrical isomers of
octadecadienoic acid (18:2) and have a variety of beneficial effects for the
humans and animals. Main producers of CLA are rumen bacteria, mainly from
the genus Butyrivibrio. Many researches are directed towards
increasing the concentration of CLA in food products of animal origin. This
could be achieved also with the application of suitable probiotic strains of
bacteria. One of those is also Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans Mz5T.
This strain is capable to grow in the presence of linoleic acid (LA, ie.
the CLA precursor), at least up to concentrations of 200 μg LA/ml. Under
these conditions, the lag phase is prolonged, and the growth is slowered
down, too. Consequently the bacteria retain their activity. After 24 hour
incubation in the medium with LA, the studied strain biohydrogenates the LA
to trans-vaccenic acid, which can be then transformed back to CLA by
tissue Δ9-desaturase, which is present in the animal tissue. The
strain Mz5T could be used as a probiotic in animal nutrition in
order to increase the quality of the food products of animal origin.
Agris
category codes:
L10
COBISS Code 1.01 Language: English
KAPPA CASEIN GEN (CSN3) IN HORSE: GENETIC VARIABILITY IN EXON 1 AND 4
a),
Tanja KUNEJ, Tina LENASI and Peter DOVČ
a) Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical fac., Zootechnical Dept.,
Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
ABSTRACT
Kappa casein (κ-CN)
is milk protein that determines the size and specific function of the casein
micelles, and its clevage by chymosine is responsible for milk coagulation.
Any variation in gene promoter or coding sequence may change the expression
of the gene or amino acid sequence, effecting functional properties of the
protein. The mature κ-CN is encoded by part of the exon 3 and the entire
exon 4. Since exon 3 has 33 bp and exon 4 is 497 bp long, the major part of
the protein is encoded by exon 4. In this study we identified two SNPs in
exon 1 and two in exon 4 of the horse kappa casein gene (CSN3) and
genotyped them in three horse breeds. The nucleotide sequence of the first
exon was included in this study due to its possible role in the regulation
of the CSN3 expression. Because these polymorphisms were analysed for the
first time, we used a reference method (RFLP) or at least two other
complementig methods (Bi-PASA/PIRA and ASA-PCR/PIRA), for molecular genetic
analysis of above mentioned SNPs. The highest variation in genotype
frequencies was present in Slovenian cold blood breed. SNPs in exon 4 cause
amino acid (AA) change in the mature product, and may very well render
chemical/functional properties of the protein. Analysis of the consequences
caused by changes in AA sequence, by online avaible program tools, comfirmed
our hypotesis.
a)
Poljanska cesta 41, SI-4224 Gorenja vas, Slovenia.
ABSTRACT
The article analyses determinants influencing supply
response in Slovenian pig production, in the period from January 1995 to
December 2005. The two sets of models are developed. Both sets of models
explain the quantity of pigs (live weight) sell on the market. The first
set of models explains the quantity with own producer prices, whereas
the second set of models is based on the gross margin. Standard
Cobb-Douglas form of the profit function is used. The models are based
on the ordinary least squares method and the corresponding tests. Based
on the testing of various alternatives, including models, testing of
statistical significance of individual lags of the exogenous variables,
two models are developed. The model results reveal that the pig supply
is influenced primarly by the own producer price, implying the achieved
gross margins, and secondly by the price of maize, which also in
Slovenia presents the main cost item in pig breeding. Other
statistically significant determinants are the season and some
unpredictable factors, such as the influence of the BSE disease and the
crisis on the pork market. The elasticity of price values was low (about
0.3), as expected, thus confirming the thesis about the inelasticity of
pig supply. Such results can be explained by a low level of producers
adaptation to the market situation and by the presence of quasi-fixed
expenses in pig production.
TRANSITION OF FARM
FAMILY IN SLOVENIA FROM TRADITION TO POST-MODERNITY[1]
Lucija PINTERIČ
a), Majda ČERNIČ-ISTENIČ and Jernej VRTAČNIK
a) Flandrova
ulica 9, SI-1210 Ljubljana – Šentvid, Slovenia.
ABSTRACT
Slovenian farm family is facing transformation. It is still traditional in
some respects, but it also gains some modern characteristic as well as
post-modern. Also the structure of farm household is changing; it is mostly
gathered around by nuclear family core. Anyway farm family still preserves
intergenerational solidarity. Older generation helps younger mostly by
babysitting. Nowadaysfarm households have much less children, but the fertility level is
high enough to preserve the farm population. Younger generation is still
prepared to take care of the older, but at the same time they want to keep
their privacy. Passing the farm to a younger generation is unreliable, and
the time when a successor takes over the farm is often not defined.
[1]The article
is a part of graduation thesis (justification October 28, 2005),
supervisor ass. prof. Majda Černič-Istenič, Ph.D., reviewer ass.
prof. Luka Juvančič, Ph.D.
PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF FEEDING VALUE AND USE OF RAPESEED BY PRODUCTS IN ANIMAL
NUTRITION
a)
and
a)
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für
Ernährungswissenschaften, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Prof., Ph.D., Ph.D. h.c.
ABSTRACT
A review about the feeding value and use of by
products of rapeseed oil production as rapeseed meal and rapeseed press
cake in the animal nutrition is reviewed. The facts about content and
effects of some nutritionally and physiologically important substances
like glucosinolates, cell wall comparents, sinapin and phytic acid are
presented. The way of production, the effects on the quality, the
nutritive value, the feeding value and the use of rapeseed meal and rapeseed press cake in the
nutrition of ruminants, pigs and poultry are discussed.
Agris
category codes: L02
COBISS Code 1.01 Language: English
THE Effect of Conjugated linoleic Acid on THE GrowTH of weaned pigLETS
Miran KASTELIC
a) and Drago KOMPAN
a)
Univ.
of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical Dept, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on
growth parameters of sixteen piglets, divided into two groups was
studied. The experiment started when the piglets were 29 days old. Prior
the age of 39 days animals were fed restrictively on the same amount of
feed, independent of the weight of animal. During the next period of the
experiment, between ages of 40 and 75 days, the animals were fed
individually, with 1.8 times of maintenance energy. Animals were weighed
every week. The experimental group was fed extra with supplement of 1.5%
of 80% CLA. The same amount of sunflower oil was used in the control
group. During the last period of the experiment, between ages of 76 and
123 days, animals were fed ad libitum with feed without any CLA
or sunflower supplement. CLA decreased average feed consumption and
weight of the animals. All observed differences were found in the third
or last period of the experiment, after the administration of CLA or
sunflower oil was finished.
