Production and
physical characteristics of eggs in Slovenian traditional breeds of light
type laying hens
Alenka STRELEC 1, Dušan TERČIČ, Špela
MALOVRH, Antonija HOLCMAN
1
Gozdna ulica 24, SI-2327 Rače, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
Production traits and egg quality
among Slovenian Brown hen, Slovenian Silver hen and Slovenian Barred hen
were compared. At 18 weeks of age we encaged 162 hens of each breed in
individual cages of 3 deck-batteries. Egg production, feed consumption, body
weight and vitality of hens between 20 and 72 weeks of age were recorded.
Every 4 weeks physical characteristics of the eggs were measured. During
laying period Slovenian Brown hens were the lightest, and had the most eggs
(301 eggs per year, 5.63 eggs per week). The Slovenian Brown hen had the
lowest daily feed consumption (114.0 g) and the best feed conversion
efficiency (2.4 kg of feed/1 kg of egg weight and 137.9 g of feed/egg). The
heaviest eggs were laid by Slovenian Silver hen (64.33 g). The most egg mass
per year was produced by Slovenian Brown hen (18.40 kg). Slovenian Silver
hen laid eggs with the thickest egg shell (0.37 mm). The highest albumen
height and the number of Haugh units were observed in Slovenian Silver hens
compared to the other breeds. The most frequent blood and meat spots were
recorded in eggs of Slovenian Brown hen (41%), which also showed. the best
vitality – only 3.1% hens died during their laying period.
Key words: laying hens / light type / traditional breeds
/ production / eggs / physical traits / Slovenia
Agris category
codes: L10, L53
COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Reproductive
and growth performances of four rabbit genotypes
1,
Jurij POHAR
1Univ. of
Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia, B.Sc.
ABSTRACT
The insemination
rate, probability of culling of does after the insemination, weight of does
and weight of young, litter size, as well as litter weight were measured in
groups of rabbits with different genotype. Four groups were formed: 30
multiparous does of SIKA maternal line (line A) were inseminated with males
from the same line (A×A group), 23 multiparous does of SIKA sire line (line
C) were inseminated with the males from the same line (C×C group), 30
multiparous does of line A were inseminated with the males from line C (A×C
group) and 30 multiparous does of line A were inseminated with the males
from Californian breed (A×Cal group). The young were individually weighed
once a week from birth to weaning (at the age of 35 days). Considering
insemination rate, probability of culling and litter size from birth to
weaning there were no heterosis effect found. There were no differences
between groups A×C and A×Cal in the majority of studied traits as well,
except for the number of stillborn which was in group A×C significantly
higher than in A×A and A×Cal group. Live weight of young in group A×C was
significantly higher than of group A×A at each weighting from birth to
weaning, and higher than of group C×C at each weighting from birth to 21st
day of age. Live weight of young in A×C group was significantly higher than
live weight of young in A×Cal at each weighting.
Agris
category codes:
L10, Q04 COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Sensory traits
of capon meat in three chicken genotypes
Špela MALOVRH 1, Katarina
HRIBERŠEK, Dušan TERČIČ, Marko VOLK, Božidar ŽLENDER, Tomaž POLAK, Antonija
HOLCMAN
1Univ. of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domžale,
Slovenia,
Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
Capons of three
genotypes (Barred Prelux, Sulmtaler, Styrian hen) were fattened outdoors and
slaughtered at two ages (163 and 198 days). Cockerels were caponised at age
47 days and at age 84 days were moved to grower houses with free access to
pasture. Animals had ad libitum access to food and water. Ten carcasses of
each genotype and age were sampled at slaughter for sensory analysis. The
four trained panellist assessed three traits of raw carcasses on scale 1–5
and 19 traits on roasted carcasses on scale 1–7. Shear force was measured on
cooled meat slices by apparatus Texture Analyser, TA.XT plus, Volodkevich
contact cell. Statistical analysis was performed by MIXED procedure in
SAS/STAT. Age at slaughter affected nine, genotype five and interaction
between age and genotype three sensory traits. Shear force differed among
genotypes and it got worse at older age. Any of three genotypes was not
superior in most of sensory traits. Thus, decision which genotype to fatten
and how long depends on preferences and importance of certain sensory traits
by consumers.
Agris
category codes: L53
COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Parameters
affecting calving difficulty of Charolais and Limousin breed at the
Educational and Research Centre Logatec
1, Nežika PETRIČ, Silvester ŽGUR
1Univ.
of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia,
ABSTRACT
The aim of our
study was to analyse parameters effecting calving difficulty of Charolais
and Limousin cows at the Educational and Research Centre Logatec. Data from
492 calves, born between 1995 and 2006 were included in the analysis. We
estimated calving difficulty with values from 1 to 3, where 1 meant easy
calving (without or with minor help), 2 – difficult calving (at least 2
persons or veterinarian help), 3 – caesarean. Breed, sex of calves, parity,
single or twin births, year of calving and birth weight had statistically
significant effect on calving difficulty. In Charolais breed difficult
calving occurred in 18.7% and in Limousin breed in 7.8%. Twins were
associated with 4 times more frequent difficult calving than singles. First
parity cows exhibited more frequent calving difficulty, whereas among other
parities there were no statistically significant differences. The increased
birth weight increased the possibility for difficult calving.
Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in mouse lines selected for
high and low body fat content
1,
Tatjana PIRMAN, Simon
HORVAT
1 Univ.
of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia,
ABSTRACT
Obesity and
increasing of body mass index (BMI) present a growing health problem and are
also an unwanted component of growth in domestic animals. The main objective
of this study was to examine the effect of obesity on apparent digestibility
of diet crude protein and fat in mice. In two subsequent experiments
digestibility was compared between two selection mouse lines, F line (selected
for higher percentage of body fat) and L (selected for lower percentage of
body fat). In the first experiment 21 males of both lines (11 F and 10 L)
between 9.0 and 18.6 weeks of age were used whereas the second experiment
involved 23 males (11 F and 12 L) between 9.6 and 11.0 weeks of age. Weights
of mice, faeces and food intake were recorded daily for 5 successive days.
Using Weende analysis the content of crude protein and crude fat in diet and
faeces were determined. The results of our study revealed statistically
significant differences in the apparent digestibility of crude protein and
crude fat between the F and L line. There were also significant differences
in diet intake per g of body weight, but not in the total amount of all
consumed diet between the lines. The crude protein and the crude fat were
digested more efficiently by the L line (79.6% and 91.8%, respectively)
while the F line digested 77.1% of crude protein and 87.0% of crude fat.
Considering these results the differences in the apparent digestibility of
crude protein and crude fat can not explain great differences in obesity
between the F and L line.
Key words: farm animals /
animal nutrition / human nutrition / obesity / crude protein / crude fat /
digestibility / selection / body fat / lines / laboratory mice
Agris
category codes: T01
COBISS
1.01 Language: English
Identification of environmental impact hot spots in traditional food
production lines
1, Romana MARINŠEK-LOGAR
1Univ.
of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Dept. of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230
Domžale, Slovenia,
Assist.
ABSTRACT
Evaluating the
environmental impact of agricultural food production systems is a relatively
recent research activity and the present methods for assessing the
environmental impact associated with production-consumption systems are
input-output accounting, ecological footprint analysis, life cycle
assessment, financial evaluation of environmental externalities, farm cost
and food miles. Complete environmental impact analyses require considerable
amounts of data and time and are very likely to be expensive. Preliminary
identification of the most-evident environmental hot spots is beneficial in
aiding the determination of the analysis scope and goal and in setting the
borders of the studied system. In the present study a reconstruction of the
production schemes was performed and the identification of evident
environmental impact hot spots was performed expert-wise for four selected
model food products (hard cooked cheese, dry-cured ham, beer and cauliflower),
traditional in Europe. This preliminary hot spot identification was
preformed specifically for a conceptual life cycle assessment (LCA)
technique in prosecution. In our opinion, these results can also be employed
as a basis for many other environmental impact assessment approaches.
Key words: traditional
food products / environment / environmental impact / Europe
The influence of municipal organic waste
particle size on biogas production
1, Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ČRNIVEC,
Romana MARINŠEK-LOGAR
1
Janševa ulica 3a, SI-4240 Radovljica, Slovenia
ABSTRACT
In Slovenia we are
facing with municipal waste problems, because their treatment is one of the
worst solved goals in environmental protection. Landfilling is the most
frequently used practise at the moment, which causes releasing of methane
gas into the atmosphere. That’s why better solutions are needed. In the
present study we determined the potential methane production from organic
municipal wastes of different particle size (particle size: >100 mm, 40–100
mm, 10–40 mm and <10 mm). We determined volatile solids (VS), total solids (TS),
total organic carbon (TOC), Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH4+ and C/N ratio of
the samples. Before and after incubation we determined chemical oxygen
demand (COD). Following the biomethane potential test (BMP) we calculated
parameters like: methane potential, methane yield and max. velocity of
methane production. The results show that the particle size has the
strongest influence on metan potential of organic waste and the grinding
pretreatment is needed before biogas production process.
Overview of
systems of subject headings in the field of animal sciences, production and
protection in selected agricultural databases
1
1Univ.
of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac, Dept. of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia, Assoc.Prof., Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
The article tackles
three most important agricultural databases (DB) Agris, Agricola and CAB
Abstracts (CABA), produced by FAO, NAL, CABI, with regard to subject
headings related to animal sciences, production, protection or health-related
veterinary issues. The initial part reviews different approaches to DB and
respective indexing and classification schemes. Concepts, such as ontologies
and metadata, are presented. Animal, aquatic sciences and fisheries subject
categories are shown. Inter-database differences are addressed, e.g.
employment of different names for similar concepts. Tree-structures,
indexing systems of thesaurus-based keywords-descriptors (DE) are analyzed
with emphasis on narrow and broader terms, preferential terms (non-descriptors)
and related terms. There exist different tree-structures, depending either
on production or taxonomy. CABA exhibits hierarchically the most complex
tree with regard to taxonomy. In different DB, keywords are used in
relations DE vs. non-DE vs. related terms. Mapping of a concept depends on
particular DB. Subject headings are assigned by information specialists,
indexers, thus possessing an important degree of subjective choice. Original
web-based thesauri screenshots are presented. Emphasis is placed on
multilingual functionality of Agrovoc. Portals or search platforms are
tackled with regard to retrieval, search syntax, priority, phrases, Boolean
logic, wildcards and truncation. Inter-database differences affect retrieval
precision, recall, and noise. The complex schemas, subject trees, and
headings can sometimes account for a less successful retrieval because they
may be too sophisticated and can remain disregarded by users. End-users
should acquire better expertise in order to use more effectively the
existing information systems and databases.
