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First
results concerning the efficacy of
entomopathogenic nematodes against
Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter)
Stanislav
Trdan,
Luka
Kužnik,
Matej
Vidrih
ABSTRACT
The efficacy of the entomopathogenic
nematodes Steinernema feltiae and
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against
larvae and adults of banded greenhouse
thrips, Hercinothrips femoralis, was
studied under laboratory conditions. The
activity of the biological agents under
study was determined at three different
temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C), with
concentration of 200 infective juveniles per
individual (larva or adult), a day:night
ratio of 4:20 and relative humidity of 95 %.
The experiment was conducted in plastic
rearing vessels on French bean leaves with a
slightly modified version of a method used
for studying the bionomics of thrips. The
mortality rate of the thrips was determined
four days after the application of the
nematode suspension. Temperature had
significant influence on adult pest
mortality, but no significant effects were
found with nematode species. Neither
temperature nor nematode species had
significant effect on larval mortality,
which ranged from 23 % (S. feltiae at
25°C) to approximately 50 % (H.
bacteriophora at 15 and 25°C). Mortality
of adults was significantly influenced only
by temperature, with the nematodes being
most efficient at 25°C (approximately 30 %
mortality by H. bateriophora). The
results of our research showed that foliar
application of entomopathogenic nematodes
might be a relatively efficient way for
controlling H. femoralis, but the
optimization of environmental factors would
likely improve their efficacy further.
IZVLEČEK
Prvi
rezultati učinkovitosti entomopatogenih
ogorčic za zatiranje resarja
Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter)
Yield and quality of early cabbage (Brassica
oleracea L. var. capitata) in
response to within-row plant spacing
Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ,
Nina KACJAN-MARŠIĆ,
Jože OSVALD,
Tomaž POŽRL,
Stanislav TRDAN
ABSTRACT
The plant spacing of early cabbage (Brassica
oleracea L. var. capitata) was
studied at the Experimental Field of the
Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana, during
the 2001 and 2002 growing season. The
cultivars, which included ‘Vestri’, ‘Parel’,
‘Delphi’, ‘Destiny’ and ‘Hermes’, were each
spaced at 20, 30 and 40 cm within rows and
30 cm between rows or populations equivalent
to 166,000, 108,000 and 82,000 plants ha-1.
The experimental variables measured were
marketable yield (per head and per hectare),
yield characteristics (head diameter and
head volume), quality characteristics (core
volume, head density, soluble solids and dry
matter) and onion thrips damage ratings.
There was no interaction effect of cultivar
and planting spacing on the measured
variables. Marketable yield per head, head
diameter and volume, core volume and head
density generally increased as the
within-row plant spacing increased, whereas,
dry matter was significantly decreased at
lower plant spacing. Soluble solids were not
affected by plant spacing. The yield
potential of cabbage was higher at cv.
‘Vestri’ than at the other cultivars. The
onion thrips damage rating was severe at the
lowest plant spacing and contributed to the
reduced yield. A higher damage rating was
established in the cv. ‘Parel’ but this
didn't have a statistically significant
influence on the weight loss of yield.
IZVLEČEK
PRIDELEK IN KAKOVOST ZGODNJEGA ZELJA (Brassica
oleracea L. var. capitata) V
ODVISNOSTI OD RAZDALJE V VRSTI
Poskus s sadilnimi razdaljami zgodnjega
zelja (Brassica oleracea L. var.
capitata) je bil opravljen na
Laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete
v letih 2001 in 2002. Medvrstna razdalja za
pet kultivarjev zelja (‘Vestri’, ‘Parel’,
‘Delphi’, ‘Destiny’ in ‘Hermes’) je znašala
30 cm, medtem ko so bile razdalje v vrsti
20, 30 in 40 cm, kar, preračunano na
površino enega ha, pomeni 166.000, 108.000
oz. 82.000 rastlin. Ugotavljali smo tržni
pridelek (na glavo in na ha), lastnosti
pridelka (premer glave in prostornino glave),
kvalitativne lastnosti (prostornino vretena,
gostoto glave, suho snov in sušino) in
ocenili poškodbe, ki jih je povzročil
tobakov resar.
Med dejavnikoma kultivar in gostota sajenja
ni prišlo do interakcije, ki bi vplivala na
opazovane lastnosti. Tržni pridelek glav,
premer in prostornina glav, prostornina
vreten in gostota glav so na splošno
naraščali z večanjem razdalje v vrsti,
medtem ko se je pri najmanjši gostoti sušina
značilno zmanjšala. Sadilna razdalja ni
vplivala na vsebnost suhe snovi. Cv.
‘Vestri’ se je v primerjavi z preostalimi
kultivarji izkazal kot kultivar z možnostjo
doseganja najvišjih pridelkov. Poškodbe, ki
jih je povzročil tobakov resar, so bile
največe pri najmanjši sadilni razdalji in so
bile razlog za zmanjšanje pridelka. Največ
poškodb je pretrpel cv. ‘Parel’, a to ni
statistično značilno vplivalo na izgubo
pridelka.
Relationship between water-soluble
carbohydrate composition of cabbage (Brassica
oleracea L. var. capitata) and
damage levels of onion thrips
Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ,
Rajko VIDRIH,
Mateja GERM,
Dean BAN,
Stanislav TRDAN
ABSTRACT
The impact of water-soluble carbohydrate
composition in relation to damage levels of
onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman),
were studied under field conditions at the
Experimental Field of the Biotechnical
Faculty in Ljubljana on 7 cabbage cultivar (Brassica
oleracea L. var. capitata). Onion
thrips showed weak preference on cabbage
heads with high amount of total
carbohydrate, fructose and glucose and
higher preference on heads with high
concentration of sucrose. While amount of
total carbohydrate, fructose and glucose
were negatively correlated with damage
levels (r2 = -0.7667; r2
= -0.6947; r2 = -0.8263), sucrose
amount was not. There was a strong
positively relationship between sucrose
amount and the level of plants infested (r2
= +0.7378). The cv.‘Hinova’, which had the
highest amount of total carbohydrate, showed
itself to be the most resistant to the onion
thrips.
VPLIV VODOTOPNIH OGLJIKOVIH HIDRATOV V ZELJU
(Brassica oleracea L. var.
capitata) NA POŠKODBE, KI JIH POVZROČA
TOBAKOV RESAR
Vpliv sestave vodotopnih ogljikovih hidratov
na poškodbe, ki jih povzroča tobakov resar (Thrips
tabaci
Lindeman), smo proučevali na 7 kultivarjih
zelja
(Brassica oleracea L. var.
capitata),
vzgojenih na Laboratorijskem polju
Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Tobakov
resar je pokazal majhno preferenco do
zeljnih glav, ki imajo visoko vsebnost
skupnih ogljikovih hidratov, fruktoze in
glukoze, in veliko preferenco do glav z
visoko vsebnostjo saharoze. Medtem ko je
vsebnost skupnih ogljikovih hidratov,
fruktoze in glukoze negativno korelirala z
indeksom poškodb (r2 = -0,7667; r2
= -0,6947; r2 = -0,8263), pa to
ni veljalo za saharozo. Med koncentracijo
saharoze in poškodovanimi listi je bila
namreč ugotovljena močno značilna pozitivna
povezava (r2 = +0,7378). Cv. ‘Hinova’,
ki je vseboval največji delež skupnih
ogljikovih hidratov, se je pokazal kot
najbolj odporen kultivar na napad tobakovega
resarja.
Crop
management systems and endomycorrhiza
effects on endive (Cichorium endivia
L.) growth
Dean BAN,
Milan OPLANIĆ,
Anita Silvana ILAK PERŠURIĆ,
Bruno NOVAK,
Ivanka ŽUTIĆ,
Josip BOROŠIĆ,
Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ
ABSTRACT
The goal of this research was to
determine the influence of crop
management systems, (organic,
sustainable and conventional) and
endomycorrhiza on vegetative growth of
endive (Cichorium endivia L.)
grown on fields in order to use PE mulch
after lettuce crop. During 2002 and 2003
a two-factor trial with three
repetitions and split-plot design was
set up in Pula (Croatia). Main factor
“crop management” had three levels (organic,
sustainable and conventional); while the
sub factor “mycorrhiza” had two levels (endive
seedlings inoculated with
endomycorrhizal fungus and non-inoculated
seedlings). Endive was planted after
lettuce harvesting on the set PE mulch
in conventional and integrated
management, while in organic management
it was planted after tilling lettuce
rests and plant mulch (fodder pea and
common vetch). Fertilization (by
fertirigation) and crop protection were
performed according to basic principles
of organic, sustainable and conventional
crop management system. Neither
mycorrhiza nor production systems had no
significant influence on plant density,
diameter and mass of heads, and
marketable yields. The biggest endive
head diameter had non-inoculated endive
plants in first year of research, while
in the second year this feature was not
significant. Production system had no
significant influence on head diameter.
The sustainable production system had
the most marketable endive heads, while
the organic system had most non-marketable
heads in the first research year, while
in the second this feature was not
significant. Mycorrhiza had no influence
on this feature.
IZVLEČEK
Vpliv načina gojenja in endomikorize na
rast endivije (Cichorium
endivia
L.)
Cilj raziskave je bil primerjati vplive
ekološkega, integriranega in
konvencionalnega gojenja endivije (Cichorium
endivia L.) ter vpliv
endomikorize na njeno rast. Endivija je
bila gojena na PE zastirki kot naknadni
posevek po solati. V letih 2002 in 2003
je bil dvofaktorski poskus v treh
ponovitvah s split-plot zasnovo
postavljen v Pulju (Hrvaška). Glavni
dejavnik “način gojenja” je vseboval tri
ravni (ekološki, integrirani in
konvencionalni način), medtem ko je
drugi dejavnik imal dve ravni (sadike
endivije, inokulirane z endomikorizno
glivo, in sadike brez inokuluma).
Endivija je bila posajena po pobiranju
solate na PE zastirko v konvencionalni
in integrirani proizvodnji, medtem ko je
bila v ekološki proizvodnji posajena po
zaoravanju ostankov solate in rastlinske
zastirke (krmni grah in navadna grašica).
Gnojenje (fertiirigacija) in varstvo
pred boleznimi ter škodljivci so
temeljili na priporočenih metodah za
ekološko integrirano in konvencionalno
gojenje. Mikoriza in način gnojenja
nista značilno vplivala na gostoto
rastlin, premer in težo glav ter tržni
pridelek. Največji premer glav so imele
rastline, gojene brez inokuluma, v prvem
letu raziskave, medtem ko v drugem letu
med rastlinami ni bilo značilnih razlik.
Način gojenja ni vplival na premer glav.
Največje število tržnih glav je bilo v
prvem letu doseženih v integriranem
načinu, medtem ko je ekološki način dal
največje število netržnih glav. Drugo
leto poskusa se ta lastnost ni značilno
pokazala na rastlinah. Prav tako tudi
mikoriza ni vplivala na to lastnost.
Transpiration of the 'Rebula' cuttings
(Vitis
vinifera
L.) grafted on three different
rootstocks (Vitis sp.)
Primož LAVRENČIČ,
Paolo SIVILOTTI, Enrico PETERLUNGER
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the investigation was to
determine the use of water in grafted
vines (Vitis vinifera L.) in
dependence on the vine (Vitis
sp.) rootstocks. The local vine variety
'Rebula' was grafted on three different
rootstocks (Vitis sp.): (1) on
the 'Rebula' (Vitis vinifera L.)
vine itself, (2) on the rootstock 196/17
Castel' [(Vitis vinifera 'Mourvèdre'
x Vitis rupestris '1202 Couderc') x
Vitis riparia 'Gloire'] and (3) on
the rootstock 'Börner' (Vitis riparia
x Vitis cinerea). Daily
transpiration was calculated as a
difference in the pot mass between the
day of measurement and the previous day.
Daily differences in the use of water
were compared with leaf area and
meteorological data (temperature,
duration of sun light). Stem water
potential (SWP) and, at the end of the
trial, leaf area and mass of individual
parts of plant (roots, shoot) were
determined using destructive method. The
dynamics of water used per leaf area
unit showed the trend of reduction and
the response to the changing
meteorological conditions. No
statistically significant differences in
SWP, leaf area and water used were
noticed between rootstocks, however,
they existed in the final mass of shoot
and roots.
IZVLEČEK
TRANSPIRACIJA CEPLJENK VINSKE TRTE (Vitis
vinifera L.) 'REBULA' CEPLJENE NA
TRI RAZLIČNE PODLAGE (Vitis sp.)
Namen raziskave je bil določiti porabo
vode pri enoletnih cepljenkah vinske
trte (Vitis vinifera L.) v
odvisnosti od podlage vinske trte (Vitis
sp.). Lokalno vinsko sorto 'Rebula' smo
cepili na tri različne podlage: (1) na
samo sebe, 'Rebula' (Vitis vinifera
L.), (2) podlago '196/17 Castel'
[(Vitis
vinifera 'Mourvèdre' x Vitis
rupestris '1202 Couderc') x Vitis
riparia 'Gloire']
in (3) podlago 'Börner' (Vitis
riparia x Vitis cinerea).
Dnevna transpiracija je bila izračunana
kot razlika v masi lonca z rastlino, med
dnevom merjenja in predhodnim dnevom.
Dnevne razlike v porabi vode smo
primerjali z listno površino in
meteorološkimi podatki (temperatura,
sončno obsevanje). Določili smo vodni
potencial stebla (SWP), na koncu poskusa
pa, z destruktivno metodo, listno
površino in maso posameznih delov
rastlin (korenine, poganjek). Dinamika
porabe vode na enoto listne površine je
pokazala odziv na spremenljive
meteorološke razmere in trend
zniževanja. Med podlagami nismo opazili
statistično značilnih razlik v vodnem
potencialu stebla, listni površini in
porabi vode, statistično značilne
razlike med podlagami so obstajale le v
končni masi poganjka in korenin.
Effect of late season boron spray on boron
accumulation and fruit set of ‘Summit‘ and
‘Hedelfinger’ sweet cherry
(Prunus
avium L.)
Valentina USENIK,
Franci ŠTAMPAR
ABSTRACT
The influence of late-season boron (B)
application on the bud B concentration and
fruit set was studied in sweet cherry (Prunus
avium L.). The experiment was carried
out on 5-year-old ‘Summit’ and ‘Hedelfinger’
trees on rootstock Gisela 5 in Fruit Growing
centre Gačnik. Trees were sprayed with B
(1% Bortrack) or water (control).
Differences in B concentration were measured
between cultivars, the highest content in
‘Hedelfinger’ buds. Boron application
resulted in increased B concentration in
flower buds.
Fruit set was influenced with cultivar,
boron application and micro location.
Fruit set was statistically higher in
‘Hedelfinger’ than in ‘Summit’ trees.
The results showed that B fertilization had
no effect on fruit set of ‘Summit’ despite
increased concentration of boron by
94.8%
in dormant flower buds. Foliar boron
spraying of ‘Hedelfinger’ was effective in
increasing
B concentration (by 157.2%) and
fruit set on half trees.
IZVLEČEK
VPLIV FOLIARNO DODANEGA BORA V JESENI NA
VSEBNOST BORA IN DELEŽ OPLODITVE PRI SORTAH
‘SUMMIT’ IN ‘HEDELFINGER’ (Prunus avium
L.)
Vpliv foliarno dodanega bora (B) v jeseni na
koncentracijo bora v brstih in na delež
oploditve smo proučevali pri češnji (Prunus
avium L.). Poskus smo izvedli na 5 let
starih drevesih sort ‘Summit’ in
‘Hedelfinger’ na podlagi Gisela 5 v
Sadjarskem centru Gačnik. Drevesa smo
poškropili z borom (1 % Bortrack) ali z vodo
(kontrola). Ugotovili smo značilne razlike v
koncentraciji bora med proučevanima sortama,
večje koncentracije pri sorti ‘Hedelfinger’.
Foliarna prehrana z B je vplivala na večjo
koncentracijo bora v brstih obeh sort.
Ugotovili smo, da so na delež oploditve
vplivali sorta, aplikacija z borom in mikro
lokacija. Delež oploditve je bil pri sorti
‘Hedelfinger’ značilno večji kot pri sorti ‘Summit’.
Foliarna prehrana z borom pri sorti ‘Summit’
ni vplivala na delež oploditve, čeprav se je
koncentracija bora v brstih po aplikaciji
povečala za 94,8%. Pri sorti ‘Hedelfinger’
se je po škropljenju z borom koncentracija
bora v brstih povečala za 157,2%, delež
oploditve pa je bil večji le na polovici
poskusnih dreves.
Effect of coir pith based cyanobacterial
basal and foliar biofertilizer on Basella
rubra L.
P.
ABRAHAM CHRISTOPHER,
V. VISWAJITH, S. PRABHA,
K.
SUNDHAR, P. MALLIGA
ABSTRACT
The growth promoting effect of basal and
foliar application of coir pith based
cyanobacterial biofertilizer on Basella
rubra L. was determined by analyzing the
morphological and biochemical parameters of
the control and test plants after treatment.
Compared to control plants test plants
showed better height, stem circumference,
number of branches, number of leaves and
number of flowers. Biochemical analysis of
test and control plants also revealed
similar increase of parameters in test
sample. Thus, from our study we recommend
cyanobacteria be considered as a serious
contender in the field of biofertilizer.
IZVLEČEK
Vpliv biognojila iz ostankov kokosovih
orehov in cianobakterij na ZDRAVILNO zelIŠČE
Basella rubra L.
Raziskan je bil vpliv biognojila, dobljenega
iz ostankov kokosovih orehov in predelanega
s pomočjo cianobakterij na rast rastlin
zdravilnega zelišča Basella rubra L.
Avtorji so analizirali morfološke in
biokemične parameter rastlin tretiranih z
gnojilom in kontrolnih rastlin. S preparatom
tretirane rastline so bile višje, imele so
debelejše steblo, bile so bolj razvejane in
imele več listov in cvetov. S
cianobakterijami obdelani organski ostanki
po predelavi kokosovih orehov bi lahko bili
pomembna osnova za pridobivanje biognojil.
Selenium and
plants
Mateja
GERM, Vekoslava
STIBILJ
ABSTRACT
Selenium is of metabolic importance in
cyanobacteria and in some plants, being
involved in their antioxidative processes.
Selenium is widely distributed on the
Earth’s surface and available for plants in
at least small traces. Cultivation of plants
enriched with selenium could be an effective
way of producing selenium rich foodstuffs
and thereby increase health benefits.
The essentiality
of selenium to higher plants is still under
debate. Selenium can increase the tolerance
of plants to UV-induced oxidative stress,
delay senescence, and promote the growth of
ageing seedlings. Recently it has been shown
that selenium has the ability to regulate
the water status of plants under conditions
of drought. The distribution and
speciation of selenium in plants and the
effect of selenium alone and in combination
with some other environmental parameters is
discussed.
IZVLEČEK
SELEN V RASTLINAH
Selen ima pomembno vlogo pri
antioksidativnih procesih cianobakterij in
nekaterih rastlin. Selen je široko razžirjen
po zemeljski obli in na razpolago rastlinam
vsaj v majhnih količinah. Gojenje rastlin,
obogatenih s selenom, je učinkovit način
dodajanja selena ljudem in izboljšanju
zdravja. V
znanstvenem svetu poteka debata, ali je
selen potreben za rastline. Obstajajo pa
dokazi, da selen pri rastlinah pospešuje
antioksidacijsko aktivnost, zavira procese,
povezane s staranjem in omili stres zaradi
visoke svetlobe in tudi suše. V članku je
opisana sposobnost rastlin za akumulacijo
selena in vpliv selena v kombinaciji za
nekaterimi drugimi okoljskimi dejavniki na
rastline.
Antibacterial activity of Mentha piperita
L. (peppermint) from leaf extracts – a
medicinal plant
G.
BUPESH,
C. AMUTHA,
S. NANDAGOPAL,
A. GANESHKUMAR,
P. SURESHKUMAR, K. SARAVANA MURALI
ABSTRACT
In
the present study, we evaluated the
antibacterial activity in the leaf extracts
of Mentha piperita L. against
pathogenic bacteria like Bacillus
subtilis, Pseudomonas aureus, Pseudomonas
aerogenosa, Serratia marcesens and
Streptococcus aureus. The aqueous
as well as organic extracts of the leaves
were found to posses strong antibacterial
activity against a range of pathogenic
bacteria as revealed by in vitro
agar well diffusion method. The ethyl
acetate leaf extract of Mentha piperita
showed pronounced inhibition than
chloroform, petroleum ether and water, leaf
extracts being more on Bacillus subtilis,
Pseudomonas aerogenosa than
Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aureus
and Serratia marcesens.
IZVLEČEK
ANTIBAKTERIJSKA
AKTIVNOST LISTNIH EKSTRAKTOV POPROVE METE
(Mentha
piperita
L.)
Ocenjena je bila antibakterijska aktivnost
listnega ekstrakta poprove mete (Mentha
piperita L.) na patogene bakterije
Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aureus,
Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Serratia marcesens
in Streptococcus aureus.
Tako vodni ekstrakti, kot ekstrakti dobljeni
z organskimi topili so imeli močan
protibakterijski učinek proti vrsti
patogenih bakterij v agarju po in
vitro metodi. Listni ekstrakt poprove
mete, dobljen z etilnim actetatom je imel
bolj izrazit učinek kot ekstrakti dobljeni s
kloroformom, etrom ali vodo, bolje so
učinkovali na Bacillus subtilis in
Pseudomonas aerogenosa kot na
Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aureus
in Serratia marcesens.
The
characteristics of conventional and organic
farmers in Podravska region
Andrej UDOVČ,
Anton PERPAR
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of a
questionnaire survey on adoption of organic
farming in Podravska region. The survey was
conducted on the sample of 58 organic farms
and 99 conventional farms in the year 2005.
The results show certain differences among
both groups of farms in information adoption
and attitudes towards nature sustainability.
Both groups of farms use different
information sources, and are members in
different associations. Also the level of
environmental awareness is higher by organic
farmers but in many other characteristics
the differences are not significant.
The analysis of future plans of conventional
farmers also revealed a significant
proportion of farms which are
undecided regarding the conversion of their
farms to organic agriculture in the next 10
years.
IZVLEČEK
ZNAČILNOSTI KONVENCIONALNIH IN EKOLOŠKIH
KMETOV V PODRAVJU
Prispevek podaja rezultate anketne raziskave
o sprejemanju ekološkega kmetijstva v
Podravju. Raziskava je zajela vzorec 58
ekoloških in 99 konvencionalnih kmetij v
letu 2005. Rezultati kažejo določene razlike
med obema preučevanima skupinama kmetij
glede iskanja in uporabe informacij, in
odnosa do trajnosti naravnega okolja. Tako
kmetje iz posamezne skupine uporabljajo
različne informacijske vire in so člani
različnih združenj. Tudi raven okoljske
zavesti je višja pri ekoloških kmetih, pri
mnogih ostalih značilnostih pa ni bilo
opaziti signifikantnih razlik. Analiza
prihodnjih načrtov konvencionalnih kmetov je
razkrila, da je velik delež takih, ki so
neopredeljeni glede možnosti konverzije
svoje kmetije v ekološko v prihodnjih 10
letih.
The
Occurrence of some Lepidopterous species on
the horse chestnut (Aesculus
hippocastanum L.) at Istanbul-Belgrad
Forest in Turkey
H. Huseyin CEBECI,
Sabiha ACER
ABSTRACT
The occurrence of some Lepidopterous species
was determined between 2004 and 2005 on the
horse chestnuts of Istanbul-Belgrad Forest
in Turkey. The following eleven pests of the
horse chestnut were recorded: Cameraria
ohridella (Deschka & Dimic, 1986) (Gracillariidae),
Archips crataegana (Hübner, 1799),
A. podana (Scopoli, 1763), A.
xylosteana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tortricidae),
Crocallis elinguaria (Linnaeus,
1758), Ennomos quercaria ([Hübner],
[1812]), E. quercinaria (Hufnagel,
1767), Erannis defoliaria (Clerck,
1759), Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus,
1758), Pachycnemia hippocastanaria (Hübner,
1799) (Geometridae) and Amphipyra
pyramidea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Noctuidae).
IZVLEČEK
POJAV NEKATERIH VRST LEPIDOPTER NA DIVJEM
KOSTANJU
(Aesculus hippocastanum L.) V GOZDU
ISTANBUL-BELGRAD V TURČIJI
V letih 2004 in 2005 je bil ugotovljen
pojav vrst Lepidopter na divjem kostanju v
gozdu Istanbul-Belgrad v Turčiji.
Ugotovljenih je bilo naslednjih enajst
škodljivcev: Cameraria ohridella (Deschka
& Dimic, 1986) (Gracillariidae), Archips
crataegana (Hübner, 1799), A. podana
(Scopoli, 1763), A. xylosteana (Linnaeus,
1758) (Tortricidae), Crocallis elinguaria
(Linnaeus, 1758), Ennomos quercaria
([Hübner], [1812]), E. quercinaria (Hufnagel,
1767), Erannis defoliaria (Clerck,
1759), Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus,
1758), Pachycnemia hippocastanaria (Hübner,
1799) (Geometridae) and Amphipyra
pyramidea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Noctuidae).
A case of infection on the scion of grafted
tomatoes by the root-knot nematode
Meloidogyne javanica
Emmanuel A. TZORTZAKAKIS
ABSTRACT
This is a preliminary communication
reporting on a case where the scion of a
grafted tomato in a greenhouse crop of Crete
became infected by the root–knot nematode
Meloidogyne javanica.
IZVLEČEK
PRIMER OKUŽBE CEPLJENEGA PARADIŽNIKA Z
NEMATODO Meloidogyne javanica
Predhodno poročilo o primeru, da je cepič
cepljenega paradižnika v rastlinjaku na
Kreti okužila nematoda Meloidogyne
javanica.
Response of onion (Allium
cepa
L.)
to combined application of biological
and chemical nitrogenous fertilizers
Tesfaye BALEMI,
Netra PAL,
Anil Kumar SAXENA
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during
the summer season of 2000-2001 at the
Vegetable Research Farm of Indian
Agricultural Research Institute (I.A.R.I.),
New Delhi (India) to test the efficacy
of three Azotobacter strains as a
potential supplement to nitrogenous
fertilizer in improving growth and yield
of onion cv. Pusa Madhvi. The treatments
consisted of factorial combination of
four levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50 and
75 kg N ha-1) and three
Azotobacter strains (CBD-15, AS-4
and M-4) with two uninoculated controls
one with full dose of N (100 kg ha
-1) and the other without NPK.
Application of 75 kg N ha-1
along with inoculation of CBD-15 was
found to have significantly increased
most of the growth and yield parameters,
soil available nitrogen, and nitrogen
content in the bulb followed by M-4
inoculation as compared to application
of full dose of nitrogen without the
inoculation. Days to bulb initiation
were significantly reduced due to
inoculation with CBD-15 or M-4 along
with 50 kg N ha-1 whereas
days to bulb maturity were significantly
reduced due to inoculation with any of
the strains along with the same N rate
(50 kg ha-1) as compared to
application of full dose of nitrogen
without the inoculation. The finding
demonstrated a saving of 50 kg N ha-1
without significantly affecting yield
and an average increase of 13.5%
marketable yield due to Azotobacter
inoculation in the presence of 75 kg
N ha-1.
IZVLEČEK
VPLIV KOMBINIRANE APLIKACIJE
Azotobacter-JA IN DUŠIČNEGA GNOJILA
NA PRIDELEK ČEBULE (Allium
cepa
L.)
V letih 2000-2001 je bil na Vegetable
Research Farm, Indian Agricultural
Research Institute (I.A.R.I.), New Delhi
(India) izveden poskus za preverjanje
učinkovitost treh sojev Azotobacter
kot možnih dodatkov k uporabi dušičnih
gnojil, da bi se izboljšalo rast in
pridelek pri čebuli cv. Pusa Madhvi.
Poskus je vključeval faktorske
kombinacije štirih ravni preskrbljenosti
z dušikom (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg N ha-1)
in tri genotipe Azotobacter
(CBD-15, AS-4 and M-4), z dvema
neinokuliranima kontrolama, od tega eno
z odmerkom N (100 kg ha -1)
in drugo brez gnojenja z NPK. Aplikacija
75 kg N ha-1 je skupaj z
inokulacijo CBD-15 dala pomembno
povečanje večine parametrov rasti in
pridelka, v tleh dostopnega dušika in
vsebosti dušika v čebulah po inokulaciji
z M-4 , v primerjavi z aplikacijo
polnega odmerka dušika a brez
inokulacije. Število dni do začetka
tvorbe čebul je bilo značilno manjše pri
inokulaciji z CBD-15 ali M-4 , skupaj z
odmerkom 50 kg N ha-1.
Število dni do zrelih čebul je bilo
značilno manjše pri inokulaciji s
katerim koli genotipom pri enakem
odmerku N (50 kg ha-1), v
primerjavi s polnim odmerkom dušika brez
inokulacije. Ugotovitve kažejo prihranek
50 kg N ha-1 brez značilnega
znižanja pridelka. Ugotovljeno je
povprečno povečanje tržnega pridelka za
13,5% pri inokulaciji z Azotobacter-jem
in odmerku 75 kg N ha-1.
Rural tourism and
protected areas – factors to increase
resilience of rural areas
Anton PERPAR,
Andrej UDOVČ
ABSTRACT
The study analysed the influence of presence
of protected area on the vulnerability and
resilience of the surrounding region in
different socio-economic and natural shocks
and perturbations. For the study two areas
were selected: area of Triglav national park
(TNP), as area with highly diversified rural
tourism and area of Kozjansko regional park
(KRP) as area with low level of rural
tourism diversification. The primary data
collection was conducted with use of
in-depth interviews among relevant
stakeholders. In each area some interviews
were carried out, where some interviews were
representing multiple stakeholders also. The
results of the analysis mostly confirmed our
hypothesis. We could recognize that the
diversity of actors and social roles are
essential as sources of stabilty,
resilience, robustness and integrity in the
social dimension of natural resource
management, that an ecological regime shift
or collapse does not necessarily result in a
regime-shift or collapse of the
social-ecological system, that an adaptive
governance framework relies critically on
the collaboration of a diverse set of
stakeholders operating at different social
and ecological scales, that good governance
of the socio-economic domain does not
necessarily imply maintaining a stable /
resilient / robust / integer
social-ecological system and that
institutions, social networks and
organisation interact across scales. On the
other hand a hypothesis that more
diverse tourism leads to higher stabilty,
resilience, robustness and integrity of
social-ecological systems was not confirmed.
IZVLEČEK
PODEŽELSKI TURIZEM IN ZAVAROVANA OBMOČJA –
DEJAVNIKI POVEČANJA PROŽNOSTI PODEŽELSKIH
OBMOČIJ
V raziskavi je bil preučevan vpliv
prisotnosti zavarovanega območja na
ranljivost in prožnost širše regije ob
različnih socio-ekonomskih in naravnih šokih
in motnjah. Raziskava je bila izpeljana na
območju Triglavskega narodnega parka (TNP),
kot območju z visoko stopnjo raznolikosti
turistične ponudbe in Kozjanskega regijskega
parka (KRP), kot območja z ozkim spektrom
turistične ponudbe. Primarni podatki so bili
zbrani s poglobljenimi intervjuji z glavnimi
akterji. V vsakem območju smo izvedli več
intervjujev, pri čemer so v posameznih
primerih intervjuvanci zastopali tudi po več
deležnikov. Rezultati analize so pretežno
potrdili zastavljene raziskovalne hipoteze.
Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je raznolikost
aktivnih udeležencev in socialnih vlog
bistvenega pomena kot vir stabilnosti,
prožnosti, žilavosti in celovitosti družbene
komponente upravljanja z naravnimi viri; da
sprememba ali propad ekološkega režima ne
pomeni nujno spremembe ali propada
socio-ekološkega sistema; da je adaptivni
okvir vodenja kritično odvisen od
sodelovanja med različnimi akterji na
različnih družbenih in okoljskih ravneh; da
uspešno upravljanje socio-ekonomskega
področja ne pomeni nujno tudi ohranjanja
stabilnega / prožnega / žilavega in
celovitega socio-ekološkega sistema in da
inštitucije, družbena omrežja in
organizacije medsebojno sodelujejo preko
večih ravni. Na drugi strani je bilo
ugotovljeno, da različna raven
diverzifikacije turistične ponudbe ne
prispeva k višji ravni stabilnosti,
prožnosti, žilavosti in celovitosti
socio-ekološkega sistema.
Grafični prikaz besedilnih pomenov v
znanstvenem članku o varstvu zelja (Brassica
oleracea L. var. capitata)
Aleksandra BIZJAK KONČAR,
Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ
IZVLEČEK
Glavni namen pričujočega prispevka je
osvetliti vprašanje besedilnih vzorcev v
znanstvenem članku s področja varstva zelja
(Brassica oleracea L. var.
capitata). Teoretično izhodišče za
analizo je sporočilna semantika, ki se
naslanja na sistemsko-funkcijski model
jezika. V prispevku so uporabljene metode
besedilne analize v povezavi z orodji
korpusnega jezikoslovja. Pri beleženju
jezikoslovnih značilnosti, nanizanih v
linearnem poteku besedila, ki bi jim težko
sledili z ročnim označevanjem, nam je v
pomoč oblikoslovni označevalnik za
slovenščino, izdelan na Inštitutu za
slovenski jezik ZRC SAZU, pri izpisovanju
jezikoslovnih značilnosti besedil pa je
uporabljena grafična predstavitev. Graf je
nekakšen slikovni model in je tako izhodišče
za opis besedilne zgradbe znanstvenega
članka.
ABSTRACT
Map of textuale patterns in research article
of PROTECTION OF CABBAGE (Brassica
oleracea
L. var. capitata)
This
paper aims to explore textual patterns of
research article of protection of cabbage
(Brassica oleracea L. var.
capitata).
The theoretical construct for the analysis
is provided by concept of message semantics
as defined in Systemic Functional
linguistics. In the study, the specificity
of discourse analysis is combined with tools
of corpus analysis. The linguistic features
of texts which would be difficult to keep
track of by manual tagging are recorded by
the automated part-of-speech tagger for
Slovenian developed at the Institute of
Slovenian language at ZRC SAZU and the
graphic display is used for the presentation
of data. The graph functions as a sort of
map and as such becomes the starting point
for the description of the discourse
structure of research article.
Visual characteristics as a key factor in
species selection in vegetation planes
design
Marko DOBRILOVIČ,
Ana KUČAN, Nika
KRAVANJA
Received: September 19, 2006; accepted:
October 19, 2006
Delo je prispelo 19.
septembra 2006; sprejeto 19. oktobra 2006
ABSTRACT
In the past, the selection of plants used to
rest upon individual taste and fashion
dictates of the period, rather than starting
from and following directives determined by
the goal of creating a certain space
characteristics. In the literature the plant
species are frequently treated individually
and arranged according to the visual effect
of each plant. In order for this research to
satisfy the needs of design practice, it was
necessary to ascertain the hidden designer
potential of each plant, which is not
identical with the pleasing effect of the
plant. This is how the central problem is
formulated in this research: to determine
the selection criteria (of plant species),
arising from the visual characteristics of
the plants and, based on these criteria to
determine the suitability of plants in order
to create visual effects of vegetation
planes. In this sense we can expose the
importance of proving the connectedness
between morphological properties of the
plants and the characteristics of vegetation
planes, which are formed by these very
plants. The subject of this research is
plant material, 208 shrubs and 193 trees,
systematized according to their size, shape,
habitus, texture, colour, as well as the
seasonal appearance of individual
characteristics. We established the method
and criteria for the selection of
morphological properties of the plants that
allow us to achieve a certain visual
character of the vegetational plane. The
process of plants selection is shown on
concrete examples, whereby certain design
demands determine the choice of the adequate
plants. For the final selection of plants it
is necessary to add criteria arising from
eco-physiological needs of the plants and
from technological demands.
IZVLEČEK
METODA UPORABE MORFOLOŠKIH LASTNOSTI KOT
MERILA ZA IZBOR RASTLINSKIH VRST PRIMERNIH
ZA IZGRADNJO VEGETACIJSKIH PLOSKEV
Izbor rastlinskih vrst je pogosto temeljil
na okusu in modi dobe, bolj kot na nizu
izhodišč, določenih s ciljem ustvarjanja
določenih prostorskih značilnosti. V
literaturi so rastlinske vrste pogosto
obravnavane individualno in razporejene
glede na vidne učinke posamezne rastline. Da
bi raziskava zadostila potrebam oblikovalske
prakse, je bilo potrebno ugotoviti skriti
oblikovalski potencial rastline, ki pa ga ne
enačimo z všečnostjo rastline. Tako je
postavljen osnovni problem v raziskavi:
določiti merila za izbiranje rastlinskih
vrst, ki izhajajo iz vidnih lastnosti
rastlin in na podlagi teh meril določiti
ustreznost vrst za ustvarjanje vidnih
učinkov vegetacijskih ploskev. V tem smislu
lahko izpostavimo pomen dokazovanja
povezanosti med morfološkimi lastnostmi
rastlin in lastnostmi vegetacijskih ploskev,
ki jih te rastline tvorijo. Predmet
raziskave je tako rastlinsko gradivo, 208
grmovnih in 193 drevesnih vrst razporejenih
po velikosti, obliki, habitusu, teksturi,
barvi in času pojavljanja posameznih
lastnosti. Metodološko so razvita merila za
izbor morfoloških lastnosti rastlin, s
katerimi lahko dosežemo določeno vidno
značilnost vegetacijske ploskve. Postopek
izbiranja rastlin je prikazan na konkretnih
primerih, kjer se na podlagi določene
oblikovalske zahteve izberejo ustrezne
vrste. Za končni izbor rastlinskih vrst pa
je potrebno dodati še merila, ki izhajajo iz
ekofizioloških potreb rastlin in tehnoloških
meril.
Regulacija
prevodnosti listnih rež
Jože HLADNIK,
Dominik VODNIK
IZVLEČEK
Kopenske rastline se soočajo s problemom,
kako sprejeti iz ozračja ustrezno količino
CO2 in pri tem omejiti oddajanje
vode. Rešitev tega problema je uravnavanje
prevodnosti listnih rež. Da je v danih
razmerah dosežena optimalna prevodnost rež,
se celice zapiralke odzivajo na mnoge
signale iz okolja in na signale iz rastline.
V članku predstavljamo odzive listnih rež na
glavne abiotske dejavnike in pri prikazu
učinkov teh dejavnikov uporabimo lastne
rezultate porometričnih meritev. Opisan je
prenos signalov v regulaciji listnih rež, v
opisu so vključene nekatere nedavne
ugotovitve na tem področju.
ABSTRACT
REGULATION OF STOMATAL CONDUCTIVITY
Land plants are faced with competing demands
to take up CO2 from the
atmosphere while limiting water loss. The
functional solution to this dilemma is the
regulation of stomatal apertures. The guard
cells of stomata respond, in order to
achieve optimal conductance, to various
environmental and endogenous stimuli. In
this paper the effects of main abiotic
factors on stomata are described and
presented by original porometric data. In
addition the signal transduction in the
regulation of guard cells response,
including recent findings related to this
topic is discussed.
Metoda
glavnih komponent: osnove in primer
Katarina KOŠMELJ
Entomopatogene ogorčice – biotični agensi za
zatiranje žuželk iz reda Coleoptera
Žiga LAZNIK,
Stanislav TRDAN
Izvleček
V prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati
dosedanjih raziskav delovanja
entomopatogenih ogorčic na gospodarsko
pomembne škodljivce iz reda Coleoptera. Ti
rezultati kažejo, da so lahko entomopatogene
ogorčice učinkoviti biotični agensi za
zatiranje hroščev iz različnih družin;
Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae
in Silvanidae. S prispevkom želimo pokazati,
da imajo entomopatogene ogorčice vse
možnosti, da postanejo v prihodnosti tudi v
Sloveniji pomemben biotični dejavnik
zatiranja škodljivih hroščev, s čimer bodo
lahko delno nadomestile danes prevladujočo
uporabo insekticidov.
ABSTRACT
Entomopathogenic nematodes – biological
agents for controlling ColeopteraN species
The results of previous research on
entomopathogenic nematodes activity against
harmful Coleopteran species are presented in
the paper. These results showed that the
nematodes in question can be an efficient
biological control agents against the
Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae
and Silvanidae species. The aim of this
paper is to prove the fact that also in
Slovenia entomopathogenic nematodes have all
possibilities to become an important
biological agents as a substitute for
insecticides which use in controlling
harmful Coleopteran species still prevails
in the country.
Die Wälder
der Herrschaften Žiče und Frajštanj und ihre
Bewirtschaftung im Übergang vom 18. ins 19.
Jahrhundert
Jože MAČEK
ABSTRACT
THE FORESTS OF THE ESTATES ŽIČE AND
FRAJŠTANJ AND THEIR ECONOMY IN THE PERIOD
BETWEEN THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH AND THE
BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
The subject
of
the
treatise
are the forests (woods) and their economy on
Žiče and Frajštanj estates in the Lower
Styria, which were the property of the
Styrian Religion Fund, in the period between
the end of the eighteenth and the beginning
of the nineteenth century. The first estate
possessed 2365 and the second 1423 yokes of
forests. The distribution of the tree
species and the state of the forest
stands, which were with some exceptions
generally bad, are described.
Detailed use of the forests, that were
shared on one side between the bondmen, in
the form of servitude rights (rights for
felling the trees for firewood and building
material, rights for the pasture of
livestock and swines separately, and the
rights to rake up the strewing) and on the
other side the rights of the estate owners,
are discussed. In that time the forests were
to a great extent included in the husbandry
of the bondsmen farms. The estates did not
have the power to reduce the servitude
rights, which were in force for ages. To
small extent they attempted to regulate them,
but with little success. The servitude
rights were a great obstacle for good
administration of the forests. The estate
Žiče tryed to solve this problem through the
cession (separation) of their forests parts
to the bondsmen, which should denounce to
their servitude rights on the remaining
estate forests. But during the period in
question the intention was not realized.
These problems are extensively discussed in
archival sources. On the estate Frajštanj
the cession (separation) of the forests to
bondsmen, for their denouncing to the
servitude rights, has not been a topic yet.
On both estates there no traces can be
observed about contemporary forest managing
and the incomes from their forests were
negligible.
IZVLEČEK
GOZDOVI GOSPOSTEV ŽIČE IN FRAJŠTANJ IN
GOSPODARJENJE Z NJIMI NA PREHODU IZ 18. V
19. STOLETJE
V razpravi so prikazani gozdovi in
gospodarjenje z njimi na gospostvih
Štajerskega verskega sklada Žiče in
Frajštanj na prehodu iz 18. v 19. stoletje.
Prvo je imelo 2365, drugo pa 1423 oralov
gozdov. Prikazana je njihova obraščenost z
drevesnimi vrstami in stanje sestojev, ki je
bilo razen izjem sorazmerno slabo. Obširno
je obdelana njihova izraba, ki so si jo
delili podložniki v obliki služnostnih
pravic (pravic do drv, stavbnega in drugega
lesa, paše živine, posebej še svinj ter
pravice do stelje) ter seveda gospostvo.
Gozdovi so bili tedaj še v velikem obsegu
vključeni v gospodarjenje podložniških
kmetij. Služnostne pravice so izvirale iz
davnih časov in se jih gospostvi načeloma
nista upali dotikati, poskušali sta jih samo
nekoliko (z malo uspeha) uravnavati. Ker so
bile služnostne pravice izjemno velika ovira
za sodobno gospodarjenje z gozdovi, se jih
je vsaj gospostvo Žiče skušalo rešiti tako,
da bi odstopilo (separiralo) del svojih
gozdov podložnikom, da bi se ti na
preostalih gozdovih odpovedali služnostnim
pravicam. To se v obravnavanem času še ni
posrečilo. Je pa problematika sorazmerno
dobro obdelana. Na gospostvu Frajštanj
separiranje gozdov za odstop služnostnih
pravic v obravnavanem času še ni bilo
aktualno. Na obeh gospostvih o sodobnem
gospodarjenju z gozdovi še ni bilo sledu.
Prav tako je bil na obeh gospostvih dohodek
od gozdov neznaten.
Causes of nitrate leaching from
agriculture land in Slovenia
Maja
PODGORNIK,
Marina PINTAR
ABSTRACT
In Slovenia, groundwater is significant
source of drinking water. It has been widely
reported that contamination of groundwater
from agricultural non-point source is one of
the major pollution problems. The pollution
of groundwater in areas of agricultural
activity is a result of using of mineral
nitrogenous fertilizers in large quantities.
Applying excess nitrate fertilizers directly
affects ground water quality, especial for
NO3-N, which is highly mobile.
Non-point loss of NO3-N from
fields to water resources however is not
caused by one single factor. Rather is
caused by combination of factors including
precipitation, crop uptake, irrigation,
application of fertilizers and soil
property. Although Slovenian areas of
intensive agriculture have different soil
characteristics, different rainfall regime
and agricultural practice, their nitrate
leaching regime appears to be similar and in
majority related to the precipitation and
fertilization.
IZVLEČEK
VZROKI IZPIRANJA NITRATA IZ KMETIJSKIH
POVRŠIN V SLOVENIJI
Podtalnica je v Sloveniji pomemben vir pitne
vode. Znano je, da intenzivno kmetijstvo kot
netočkovni vir obremenjevanja, predstavlja
glavni problem onesnaževanja podzemnih voda.
Na kmetijskih zemljiščih z intenzivno
pridelavo prihaja do prekomerne porabe
mineralnih gnojil, kar negativno vpliva na
kakovost podtalnice. Uporaba dušičnih gnojil
v količinah, ki presegajo zahteve posevkov,
poveča izpiranje dušika v obliki zelo
topnega in mobilnega nitrata v globlje
plasti tal in podtalnico. V kolikšnem obsegu
bo nitrat iz površinskih slojev obdelovalnih
tal prodrl v podtalje, ni odvisno samo od
količine dušičnih gnojil, ampak tudi od
količine padavin, vrste vegetacije,
namakanja ter lastnosti tal. Kljub temu, da
se v Sloveniji intenzivna kmetijska območja
razlikujejo po količini padavin, kmetijski
praksi ter talnih lastnostih, je dinamika
izpiranja nitrata na vseh območjih predvsem
odvisna od vremenskih razmer in gnojenja.
Food demand in Slovenia
Darja
REGORŠEK,
Emil ERJAVEC
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to analyse
food consumption patterns in Slovenia.
Cross-sectional household data from
Household budget survey in year 2001 were
used. We estimate expenditure and price
elasticities for food demand for households
segmented by quartile income levels and for
Slovenia total. Food items are divided into
the following commodity groups: bread and
cereals, meat and fish, dairy products, oils
and other fats, fruit, vegetables,
confectionary. For a complete demand system
analysis, we apply linearly approximated
Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS).
Empirical results show positive expenditure
elasticities being close to one for all food
groups. In general, demands for dairy
products and vegetables could be regarded as
the most sensitive to food expenditures.
Further on, all Marshallian (uncompensated)
and Hicksian (compensated) own price
elasticities are negative and less than one.
Own price elasticities for meat and fish are
estimated as the lowest and for vegetables
as the highest. With cross price
elasticities close to zero the studied
commodity groups seem to be unrelated. The
negative sign of uncompensated cross price
elasticities indicates complementary type of
food groups, while substitution relationship
of aggregate foods is indicated by mostly
positive Hicksian cross price elasticities.
According to these expenditure and price
elasticities inhabitants of Slovenia seem to
be losing consumption characteristics
typical for countries in transition. However
some unique food habits persist.
IZVLEČEK
POVPRAŠEVANJE PO HRANI V SLOVENIJI
Namen
študije je analiza prehranskih navad
prebivalcev Slovenije. Podatke iz Ankete o
porabi v gospodinjstvih v letu 2001 smo
uporabili za ocenjevanje izdatkovnih in
cenovnih elastičnosti povpraševanja po hrani
za gospodinjstva v Sloveniji. Gospodinjstva
so razdeljena v kvartilne dohodkovne razrede
in kot Slovenija skupaj. Prehranske izdelke
smo razdelili v naslednje skupine živil:
kruh in žita, meso in ribe, mlečni izdelki,
olja in druge maščobe, sadje, zelenjava,
sladki izdelki. Povpraševanje po hrani je
ocenjeno kot sistem enačb povpraševanja z
linearno aproksimacijo metode skoraj idealni
sistem povpraševanja (LA/AIDS). Ocenjene
izdatkovne elastičnosti so pozitivne, z
vrednostmi blizu 1. V splošnem lahko trdimo,
da sta povpraševanje po mlečnih izdelkih ter
povpraševanje po zelenjavi najbolj
občutljivi na spremembe v izdatkih
namenjenih hrani. Nadalje, vse Marshallove (nekompenzirane)
in Hicksove (kompenzirane) lastne cenovne
elastičnosti so negativne in manjše od 1.
Lastne cenovne elastičnosti povpraševanja po
mesu in ribah so bile ocenjene kot najnižje,
povpraševanja po zelenjavi pa kot najvišje.
Omenjene skupine živil so med seboj cenovno
nepovezane, saj so križne cenovne
elastičnosti blizu vrednosti nič. Večina
nekompenziranih križnih cenovnih
elastičnosti je negativna, kar nakazuje na
komplementarnost proučevanih skupin živil
oziroma na substitute, ko govorimo o
večinoma pozitivnih Hicksovih križnih
cenovnih elastičnostih. Ocenjene izdatkovne
in cenovne elastičnosti kažejo, da
prebivalci Slovenije izgubljajo prehranske
navade značilne za države v tranziciji.
Kljub temu nekatere prehranske posebnosti
ostajajo.
Ocena dveh različnih
skupin slovenskih
populacij koruze s
pomočjo morfoloških
lastnosti in Hbr
(MITE) markerjev
Ludvik
ROZMAN, Tatjana
KAVAR, Vladimir
MEGLIČ
IZVLEČEK
Analizirali smo dve skupini slovenskih
populacij koruze iz genske banke Oddelka za
agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani.
V prvo skupino smo uvrstili enajst populacij
koruze iz Bohinja (B1-B9 in B11-B12), v
drugo štirinajst štajerskih populacij, z
okolice Vojnika in Laškega (Š1-Š14).
Petintrideset morfoloških lastnosti rastlin,
storžev in zrnja smo izvrednotili v skladu z
mednarodnimi deskriptorji IPGRI v času
rastne dobe na polju in v laboratoriju.
Genetski opis je temeljil na 161
Heartbreaker (Hbr) markerjih, pri čemer
je bila analiza izvedena na skupnih vzorcih
DNA, po 25 rastlin iz vsake populacije.
Populacije iz Bohinja so se na splošno dobro
razlikovale od štajerskih populacij, tako po
morfoloških lastnostih kot na osnovi
genetskih markerjev. Izjemi sta le
populaciji B1 in B8, ki sta po morfoloških
znakih še najbolj podobni štajerskim
populacijam. Glede na posamezne morfološke
lastnosti B1 odstopa od drugih bohinjskih
populacij le po barvi zrnja, ki je ob
brezbarvnem perikarpu pogojena z barvo
alevrona. Je edina bohinjka z rumenim zrnjem,
vse ostale bohinjske populacije imajo
bakreno barvo zrnja, medtem ko imajo
štajerske populacije rumeno ali belo zrnje.
Glede na vse analize, še posebej glede na
prisotnost/odsotnost Hbr elementov
ter njihove frekvence v populacijah, lahko
kljub nekaterim podobnostim med posameznimi
populacijami trdimo, da gre za različne
populacije, čeprav nekatere izhajajo iz
lokacij, ki so si geografsko zelo blizu.
Torej so posamezni pridelovalci s svojim
vzdrževanjem in ponovno setvijo lastnega
semena uspeli obdržati karakteristične
lastnosti svoje populacije, s tem da so
preprečili nekontrolirano skrižanje z
drugimi populacijami.
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of two different groups of
Slovenian maize populations using
morphoLOGICAL traits and Hbr
(MITE) markers
Two different groups of Slovenian maize
populations from the germplasm bank at the
Agronomy Department of Biotechnical Faculty
in Ljubljana were analyzed. The first group
included eleven landraces from Bohinj (B1-B9
and B11-B12) and the second one included 14
landraces from Štajerska region, from the
surroundings of Vojnik and Laško (Š1-Š14).
Thirty-five morphological characteristics of
plants, ears and kernels were described
using IPGRI (International Plant Genetic
Resource Institute) descriptors during the
vegetation period on a field and in a
laboratory. Genetic characterization was
performed on DNA bulks from 25 plants per
population by genotyping 161 Heartbreaker
(Hbr) markers. Generally, according to
the genetic and morphological data,
populations from Bohinj are clearly
differentiated from populations from
Štajerska region. The only exceptions are
populations B1 and B8, which are similar to
Štajerska populations, according to the
morphological traits. B1 differs from other
Bohinj populations by color of kernels,
which is yellow due to the colorless
pericarp and yellow aleuron. Kernels of all
other Bohinj population had brown color,
while Štajerska populations had yellow or
white kernels. Analysis, especially
presence/absence of Hbr elements and
their population frequencies, suggests that
all populations are separated, although some
of them are geographically closely located.
It seems that farmers have been able to
maintain their landraces by repeat sowing of
their own seeds and by preventing
uncontrolled crossing with other
populations.
Morphometrical and biochemical
characteristics of red grape varieties (Vitis
vinifera L.) from collection vineyard
Ampelografski vrt
Denis RUSJAN,
Zora KOROŠEC-KORUZA
Abstract
Diversity of vine varieties is confirmed by
different morphological and biochemical
characteristics of each variety, especially
in bunch and berry properties.
The evaluation of
mentioned characteristics supplements the
chemotaxonomical classification and
preservation of local and less known vine
varieties. Morphometrical and biochemical
characteristics were determined on grape
berries of 14 different vine varieties,
called 'Barbera', 'Merlot', 'Cabernet
sauvignon', 'Syrah', 'Refošk', 'Sladki teran',
'Teran Istra', 'Pokalca', 'Plavina', 'Plovdina',
'Sladkočrn', 'Tinta Pinheira', 'Vranac' in 'Zweigelt',
grown in Amphelographic vineyard.
Morphological parameters were determined by
morphometry, O.I.V. descriptors number codes
220, 221, 503 and with colorimeter, but
biochemical parameters with several
carbohydrates by HPLC and total acidity with
titration. The obtained results confirmed
some similarity among selected varieties,
and multivariable analyses according to
determined parameters group the varieties
into 4 groups; in group I varieties 'Barbera
Bovcon', 'Pokalca' and 'Barbera standard';
group II varieties 'Refošk', 'Syrah' and 'Teran
Istra'; group III varieties 'Cabernet
sauvignon', 'Merlot' and 'Zweigelt'; group
IV varieties 'Sladkočrn', 'Tinta Pinheira'
and 'Vranac'. The variety 'Plovdina' is not
included in any group, what confirms its
vast variability compared with other
varieties taken into account.
IZVLEČEK
Morfometrične in biokemijske lastnosti
rdečih sort vinske trte (Vitis vinifera
L.) iz kolekcijskega vinograda Ampelografski
vrt
Diverziteto sort vinske trte (Vitis
vinifera L.) potrjujejo različne
morfološke in biokemijske lastnosti
rastlinskih delov, predvsem grozda in
jagodah. Z vrednotenjem navedenih parametrov
se dopolnjuje kemotaksonomsko klasifikacijo
sort in posredno se pripomore k ohranjanju
starih in manj znanih sort. Morfološke in
biokemijske lastnosti smo določali na
jagodah 14-tih sort vinske trte: 'Barbera',
'Merlot', 'Cabernet sauvignon', 'Syrah', 'Refošk',
'Sladki teran', 'Teran Istra', 'Pokalca', 'Plavina',
'Plovdina', 'Sladkočrn', 'Tinta Pinheira', 'Vranac'
in 'Zweigelt', ki rastejo v Ampelografskem
vrtu. Morfološke lastnosti smo določili po
metodah ampelometrije, z O.I.V. deskriptorji
220, 221, 503 in kolorimetrom, medtem ko
biokemijske z vrednotenjem količine
posameznih ogljikovih hidratov s HPLC in
skupne kisline s titracijo. Rezultati, se s
statistično multivariatno analizo, glede na
ovrednotene lastnosti gručirajo v štiri
skupine s podobnimi lastnostmi, in sicer;
skupina I sorte 'Barbera Bovcon', 'Pokalca'
in 'Barbera standard'; skupina II sorte 'Refošk',
'Syrah' in 'Teran Istra'; skupina III sorte
'Cabernet sauvignon', 'Merlot' in 'Zweigelt';
skupina IV sorte 'Sladkočrn', 'Tinta
Pinheira' in 'Vranac', kar kaže na njihovo
podobnost. Sorta 'Plovdina' se ne uvršča v
nobeno od skupin, kar dokazuje njeno večjo
variabilnost od ostalih vzorčenih sort.
Učinek dodanega
komposta tlem na
razgradnjo atrazina v
kolonskem poskusu
Marjetka SUHADOLC
, Franc LOBNIK
IZVLEČEK
V neporušenih talnih kolonah smo preučevali
vpliv dodanega komposta iz lubja tlem na
usodo herbicida atrazina. Ugotovili smo, da
je kompost značilno vplival na hitrost
razgradnje atrazina v tleh. Tri mesece po
uporabi atrazina je v tleh z dodanim
kompostom atrazin predstavljal 52 % vseh
analiziranih substanc pesticida, medtem ko
je bil njegov delež v kontrolnih tleh še 80
%. Deetilatrazin je bil glavni razgradni
produkt v obeh obravnavanjih, le da je bil
njegov delež v tleh z dodanim kompostom
značilno večji. Nasprotno je bila
zastopanost hidroksiatrazina večja v tleh
brez dodatka atrazina. Razlik med
obravnavanjema v prenosu atrazina skozi
talni profil nismo ugotovili. Večino
atrazina in metabolitov smo določili v
zgornji 15 cm plasti tal, prenos v spodnje
plasti t.j. do globine 45 cm je znašal manj
kot 3 % skupne vsebnosti analitsko določenih
ostankov herbicida v talnih in vodnih
vzorcih. Izpiranje atrazina in metabolitov
iz talnega profila je bilo zanemarljivo
majhno (po 0,1 %), brez značilnih razlik med
obravnavanjema.
ABSTRACT
EFFECT OF COMPOST AMENDMENT ON THE ATRAZINE
DEGRADATION IN SOIL
COLUMN EXPERIMENT
Effect of conifer bark compost amendment on
the fate of the herbicide atrazine in soil
was examined in the undisturbed soil
columns. Compost amendment affected
significantly the rate of atrazine
degradation in soil. Three months after
atrazine application, the recovered amount
of atrazine in compost amended soil
represented 52 % of all analysed substances
in comparison to 80 % in the control
treatment. Deethylatrazine was the main
metabolite in both treatments; however its
share was significantly higher in the
compost amended soil. In contrast, the share
of hidroxyatrazine, was higher in the
control soil. Differences in the atrazine
transfer trough the soil profile were not
found. The majority of atrazine and
metabolites were analysed in the upper 15 cm
soil layer, mobility to the lower layers (to
the depth of 45 cm) was less than 3 % of
total recovered herbicide in soils and
leaching waters. Leaching of atrazine and
metabolites was negligible (below 0.1 %)
and not significantly different between the
treatments.
Izdelava
testenin iz mok
navadne in
tatarske ajde
Blanka
VOMBERGAR ,
Nataša PEM
IZVLEČEK
Predstavljeni so rezultati poskusov izdelave
testenin iz mok navadne in tatarske ajde.
Dodatek psylliuma testenin ne izboljša,
testenine z dodatkom moke guara (5%) pa so v
primerjani s testeninami brez tega dodatka
manj občutljive na mehanične poškodbe.
Testenine iz tatarske ajde so zelenkasto
rumeno rjave barve, medtem ko so testenine
iz navadne ajde svetle rumenkasto rjave
barve.
ABSTRACT
PRODUCTION OF PASTA FROM COMMON AND TARTARY
BUCKWHEAT FLOURS
Efforts to produce pasta from common and
tartary buckwheat flour samples are
presented. Pasta with addition of psyllium
were not better in comparison to pasta
without this addition. However pasta with
the guar flour addition (5%) was more
resistant to breakage. Pasta from tartary
buckwheat flour was greenish yellow-brown in
comparison to light yellowish brown pasta
from common buckwheat flour.
Metode za merjenje količine vode v tleh
1.
del: tenziometer
Vesna ZUPANC,
Marina PINTAR
IZVLEČEK
Znanje o količini vode v tleh ali v
substratu je pri raziskovalnem delu na
področju agronomskih in okoljskih znanosti
kot tudi v praksi pri rastlinski pridelavi
nujno potrebno za uspešno delo in zanesljive
rezultate. Za merjenje vode v tleh poznamo
direktne in indirektne metode določanja
vsebnosti vode. Merjenje količine vode v
tleh s pomočjo tenziometra spada med
posredne metode, pri kateri merimo matrični
potencial vode. Tenziometer je sestavljen iz
porozne keramične kapice, povezane z
manometrom preko največkrat rigidne cevke
napolnjene z vodo. Tenziometri delujejo na
območju okoli 80 - 85 kPa (teoretično do
100 kPa). Uporabni so za uravnavanje
namakanja, ne pa tudi za za meritve
matričnega potenciala vode v zelo suhih
tleh.
ABSTRACT
SOIL WATER MEASUREMENT METHODS 1st
part: TENSIOMETER
Soil water status is extremely important and
necessary for successful work and reliable
results in research in agronomy and
environmental sciences as well as in
practical applications in plant production.
There are direct and indirect methods for
soil water measurements. Measuring with
tensiometers is an indirect method, based on
water matric potential measurements.
Tensiometers consist of porous ceramic cup
connected to a vacuum gauge through a rigid
water-filled tube. Working interval is
between 80 – 85 kPa (theoretically up to
100 kPa), which makes them useful for
irrigation scheduling, but unsuitable for
water matric potential measurements in dry
soils.
Boron in
irrigation water and its interactions with soil and plants: an example of
municpal landfill leachate reuse
Maja ZUPANČIČ JUSTIN, Marija
ZUPANČIČ
ABSTRACT
In several
countries, leachate is successfully treated by recirculation to the vegetated
landfill cover, as it contains several micro and macronutrients for plant
growth. However, the proportion and concentration of some parameters can
negatively affect the plant growth and soil quality in the case of high leachate
input. The presented research discusses B in leachate and its interactions with
soil and plants. A ten-month field research was performed on 1.1 ha of the
closed and covered municipal solid waste landfill site irrigated with landfill
leachate. B concentration was analysed in leachate, landfill soil cover and in
plant leaves. Total B concentration in leachate ranged from 0.8 to 3.83 mg/L.
Monthly B mass load on the covered landfill site ranged between 0.2 – 1.5 kg/ha.
The concentration of bioavailable B in soil cover gradually increased and ranged
between <0.5 – 2.75 mg/kg dry weight soil. The average total B concentration in
clover leaves was 23.9 mg/kg, in grass leaves 4.5 mg/kg, in the leaves of
younger willows in the new part of the landfill cover 41.3 mg/kg and in the
leaves of the older willows in the old part of the landfill cover 81.8 mg/kg.
Leachate application increased plant growth during the observation period and
there were no toxic effects on plant leaves, although B concentrations were
higher compared to usual concentrations found in natural environment.
IZVLEČEK
BOR V NAMAKALNI
VODI IN NJEGOVE INTERAKCIJE S TLEMI IN RASTLINAMI: PRIMER PONOVNE UPORABE
IZCEDNE VODE ODLAGALIŠČA KOMUNALNIH ODPADKOV
V različnih
državah izcedno vodo uspešno čistijo s pomočjo vračanja na vegetativno prekritje
odlagališča, saj vsebuje več mikro in makrohranil za rast rastlin. Pri tem lahko
razmerje in koncentracija nekaterih parametrov v izcedni vodi ob velikem vnosu v
tla negativno vpliva na rast rastlin in kvaliteto tal. Predstavljena raziskava
obravnava B v izcedni vodi ter njegove interakcije s tlemi in rastlinami. Deset
mesečna erenska raziskava je bila opravljena na 1,1 ha zaprtega in prekritega
odlagališča komunalnih odpadkov, ki je bilo namakano z izcedno vodo.
Koncentracijo B smo analizirali v izcedni vodi, talnem prekritju odlagališča ter
v listih rastlin. Celokupna koncentracija B se je v izcedni vodi gibala med 0,8
in 3,83 mg/L. Masni vnos B na prekritje odlagališča se je gibal med 0,2 in 1,5
kg/ha. Koncentracija biološko razpoložljivega B v tleh je zaradi vnosa izcedne
vode postopoma naraščala in se gibala med <0,5 in 2,75 mg/kg suhih tal.
Povprečna celokupna koncentracija B v listih detelje je znašala 23,9 mg/kg, v
listih trave 4,5 mg/kg, v listih mladih vrb novega dela prekritja 41,3 mg/kg in
v listih starejših vrb starega dela prekritja 81,8 mg/kg. Vnos izcedne vode je
pospešil rast rastlin v času obdobja opazovanj. Na listih rastlin ni bilo
opaziti strupenih učinkov kljub temu, da so bile koncentracije B višje v
primerjavi z koncentracijami, ki jih običajno najdemo v naravnem okolju.
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