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Letnik 97

Ljubljana, 2011

Številka 1

 

The effect of some insecticides, natural compounds and tomato cv. Venezia with Mi gene on the nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica (Nematoda) reproduction

Polona STRAJNAR, Saša ŠIRCA


ABSTRACT

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne ethiopica is quite unknown tropical plant parasitic species found in Slovenia and Europe in 2003 for the first time. The species is able to parasitize several economically important agricultural crops and therefore is very difficult to control. In our research, several approaches which can be used for M. ethiopica control were tested in pot experiment. The effects of some insecticides which are often used in the production in greenhouses, natural compounds as aqueous extract of Tagetes erecta, and the commercial natural product Azadirachtin (NeemAzal-T/S) extracted from the seeds of Indian Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) on the M. ethiopica reproduction were assessed. Test plants treatments with natural compounds reduced nematode multiplication by nearly 3 – 6 times compared to control while foliar application of Thiacloprid as well as Imidacloprid had no effect on nematode reproduction. The treatment with Volaton G granulates (Phoxim) for ground application resulted in no nematode multiplication. Additionally, M. ethiopica reproduction ability on the tomato cultivar “Venezia” which have a Mi gene for resistance to M. incognita was tested.

Key words: root knot nematode, M. ethiopica, control, pesticides, plant extracts, resistant tomato




IZVLEČEK

VPLIV NEKATERIH INSEKTICIDOV, NARAVNIH RASTLINSKIH IZVLEČKOV IN PARADIŽNIKA SORTE VENEZIA Z Mi GENOM NA RAZMNOŽEVANJE OGORČIC VRSTE Meloidogyne ethiopica (NEMATODA)

Meloidogyne ethiopica spada med ogorčice koreninskih šišk in je dokaj neznana, tropska rastlinsko parazitska vrsta, ki je bila prvič ugotovljena v Sloveniji in Evropi leta 2003. Vrsta lahko zajeda številne gospodarsko pomembne kmetijske rastline in jo zaradi tega zelo težko zatiramo. V naši raziskavi smo v lončnem poskusu ovrednotili različne prijeme, ki bi bili lahko uporabni za njeno zatiranje. Preučevali smo vpliv različnih substanc na reprodukcijo ogorčice M. ethiopica. Preučili smo vpliv nekaterih insekticidov, ki se jih pogosto uporablja v proizvodnji v rastlinjakih, ter nekaterih rastlinskih izvlečkov, kot sta vodni ekstrakt iz vrste Tagetes erecta in ekstrakt semen indijskega drevesa Azadirachta indica, ki vsebuje azadirahtin in je dostopen kot komercialni pripravek NeemAzal-T/S. Zalivanje testnih rastlin z rastlinskimi izvlečki je zmanjšalo reprodukcijo ogorčic za 3 do 6 krat v primerjavi s kontrolami, medtem ko foliarno tretiranje s tiaklopridom kot tudi z imidaklopridom na reprodukcijo ni imelo učinka. Prav nasprotno je učinkoval granulat za talno tretiranje Volaton G (foksim), kjer reprodukcije ogorčic nismo opazili. Preučili smo tudi reprodukcijski potencial ogorčice M. ethiopica pri paradižniku sorte “Venezia”, ki vsebuje Mi gen za odpornost na ogorčice vrste M. incognita.

Ključne besede: ogorčice koreninskih šišk, M. ethiopica, zatiranje, pesticidi, rastlinski izvlečki, odporen paradižnik

 

Mass propagation of Solanum surattense Bum. using direct adventitious shoot organogenesis from internode

Md. Mahabubur RAHMAN, Muhammad Nurul AMIN, Md. Zohurul ISLAM, Rubaiyat Sharmin SULTANA

 


ABSTRACT

An efficient and reproducible procedure was established for direct shoot regeneration of Solanum surattense Bum. using internodal explants. The shoot regeneration efficiency on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was superior in compared to 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kn). The highest mean number of shoots per explant was recorded on MS medium containing 0.5 mgl-1 BAP. BAP alone was more effective for shoot regeneration than combination of BAP and -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The number of shoot per explant was highest in the 4th subculture and then it was remained stable up to 6th subculture. The shoot number drastically reduced from 7th subculture when explants were repeated subculturing up to 8th subculture. Hundred percent adventitious shoots were rooted successively on half strength MS medium fortified with 0.05 mgl-1 NAA. At about 90% of the in vitro-propagated plantlets survived when they were transferred to ex vitro conditions for acclimatization.

Key words: Direct shoot organogenesis, internodal explant, in vitro, medicinal plant, Solanum surattense



IZVLEČEK

RAZMNOŽEVANJE Solanum surattense Bum. Z UPORABO INTERNODIJSKIH EKSPLANTOV

Avtorji so razvili učinkovit in reproducibilen način neposredne organogeneze zdravilne rastline Solanum surattense Bum. z uporabo internodijskih eksplantov. Regeneracija na gojišču Murashige in Skoog (MS) je bila bolj uspešna z dodatkom 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) v primerjavi z uporabo 6-furfurilaminopurina (Kn). Največje število poganjkov na eksplant je bilo na gojišču MS z 0,5 mg/l BAP. BAP sam je bil bolj učinkovit za regeneriranje poganjkov kot kombinacija BAP in -nafthalenocetne kisline (NAA). Število poganjkov na eksplant je bilo najvišje v četrti subkulturi in je ostalo stabilno vse do šeste, močno pa se je zmanjšalo v sedmi in osmi subkulturi. Adventivne korenine so se pojavile pri vseh poganjkih pri MS mediju polovične jakosti z dodatkom 0,05 mg/l NAA. Približno 90 % in vitro razmnoženih rastlinic je preživelo prenos ex vitro in aklimatizacijo.

Ključne besede: neposredna organogeneza poganjkov, eksplanti internodijev, in vitro, zdravilna rastlina, Solanum surattense

.

Efficacy of three natural substances against apple aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer, Aphididae, Homoptera) under laboratory conditions

Žiga LAZNIK, Vlasta CUNJA, Milica KAČ, Stanislav TRDAN

ABSTRACT

In 2008 the efficacy of three environmentally friendly substances against apple aphid (Aphis pomi) was tested. The selected substances were cinnamic acid and two plant extracts, namely glicolic extract of comfrey (Symphytum officinale) and fluid extract of marigold (Calendula officinalis). All of the substances were tested at 0.5, 1 and 5 % concentrations. The individuals of apple aphids were collected in the organic orchard of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana; 10 aphids were then transferred to an apple tree leaf, which was previously sprinkled with water, treated with selected substance and put in a Petri dish. The efficacy was assessed at 15, 20 and 25 °C with relative humidity being 75 %. The mean corrected mortality rate was determined on the first, second and third day after treatment. In general all of the tested substances showed aphicidal properties, and the highest mean corrected mortality rates were determined on the third day at 25 °C. Only marigold extract exceeded a 50 % aphicidal efficacy at 15 °C and at 5 % concentration of the suspension used, while other treatments showed aphicidal efficacy between 4 ± 4 % (cinnamic acid, 15 °C, 0.5 %) and 39 %±12 % (cinnamic acid, 25 °C, 1 %). In general, the best mean efficacy (mean corrected mortality rate (15 % ± 2) % of the substances tested was found at highest concentration.

Key words: aphicidal efficacy, Aphis pomi, Calendula officinalis, cinnamic acid, comfrey extract, marigold extract, Symphytum officinale

IZVLEČEK

V letu 2008 smo preučevali delovanje treh okoljsko sprejemljivih snovi za zatiranje zelene jablanove uši (Aphis pomi). Izbrane snovi so bile cimetna kislina, glikolni izvleček navadnega gabeza (Symphytum officinale) in tekoči izvleček vrtnega ognjiča (Calendula officinalis). Snovi smo preizkušali pri 0,5 %, 1 % in 5 % koncentraciji. Odrasle osebke zelene jablanove uši smo nabrali v ekološkem sadovnjaku Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Po 10 uši smo prenesli na liste jablan, ki so bili predhodno poškropljeni z vodo, jih tretirali z izbrano snovjo in jih položili v petrijevke. Učinkovitost smo ugotavljali pri treh temperaturah (15, 20 in 25 °C) in relativni zračni vlagi 75 %. Smrtnost osebkov smo ugotavljali prvi, drugi in tretji dan po aplikaciji snovi. Vse snovi so pokazale aficidno delovanje, največje vrednosti povprečne korigirane smrtnosti smo določili tretji dan poskusa pri 25 °C. Le pri 5 % koncentraciji izvlečka vrtnega ognjiča smo pri 15 °C presegli 50 % stopnjo smrtnosti preučevanih žuželk, medtem ko je bila ta vrednost pri ostalih obravnavanjih od 4 ± 4 % (cimetna kislina, 15 °C, 5 %) in 39 ± 12 % (cimetna kislina, 25 °C, 1 %). V poskusu je bila učinkovitost delovanja preučevanih substanc najboljša pri najvišji koncentraciji (5 %) – povprečna korigirana smrtnost (15 ± 2) %.

Ključne besede: Aphis pomi, Calendula officinalis, cimetna kislina, ekstrakt navadnega gabeza, ekstrakt vrtnega ognjiča, Symphytum officinale, učinkovitost proti ušem, zelena jablanova uš

 

Wine production on Istria family farms

Anita Silvana ILAK PERŠURIĆ, Ana TEŽAK

ABSTRACT

Viticulture in Istria is considered as a pillar in the agricultural economy. Wine tourism is present in Istria in the last two decades along with the establishment of wine roads. There are three existing wine roads in Istria. One of the activities on the wine road is wine tasting. From the perspective of the family farms it is a service that offers the farm product (wine) directly to consumers. We questioned farmers on Istrian wine roads and partners in Vinistra (the Istrian association of grape and wine producers) the wine offer and concluded that most wine cellars offer wines like Malvazija istarska and Teran from autochthonous varieties, Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon from introduced grape varieties, was examined. Very few wine cellars offered wines like Borgognja, Hrvatica or other. Also issues like consumer’s preferences and possible solutions of enhancing the wine offer and wine roads of Istria in general were referred.

Keywords: Croatia, Istria, wine, marketing

IZVLEČEK

PONUDBA VIN NA ISTRSKIH KMETIJAH

Vinogradništvo sodi v Istri med temeljne kmetijske panoge. Vinski turizem, se je na tem območju v zadnjih dveh desetletjih razvijal skupaj z ustanavljanjem tako imenovanih vinskih cest. V Istri so se uveljavile tri vinske ceste. Ena od dejavnosti na vinskih cestah je tudi degustacija vin. Z vidika družinskih kmetij je to storitev oz. izdelek (vino), ki je neposredno ponujen potrošnikom. V raziskavo so bili vključeni kmetje na Istrskih vinskih cestah in partnerji v Vinistra (istrsko združenje pridelovalcev grozdja in vina). Iz analizirane ponudbe vin je bilo ugotovleno, da večina vinskih kleti ponuja vino iz avtohtonih sort (istrska malvazija in teran) ter iz introduciranih sort (chardonnay in cabernet sauvignon). Zelo malo vinskih kleti ponuja vina kot so Borgognja, Hrvatica ali druga. V raziskavo so bila vključena tudi nekatera druga vprašanja, kot so preference potrošnikov in možne rešitve za izboljšanje ponudbe vina na splošno in na vinskih cestah Istre.

Ključne besede: Hrvaška, Istra, vino, ponudba

Primerjava modelov FOCUS PELMO in PEARL pri ocenjevanju izpiranja herbicidov v treh izbranih vrstah tal na območju Apaške doline

Marjan ŠINKOVEC, Ana ŠTANGELJ, Primož BUKOVEC, Marjetka SUHADOLC

 

ABSTRACT

Modela PELMO 3.3.2 in PEARL 3.3.3 sta uveljavljena modela za ocenjevanje izpiranja fitofarmacevtskih sredstev (FFS) in se uporabljata tudi za namen registracije FFS v državah članicah EU. Medsebojno smo primerjali rezultate obeh modelov in sicer ocene izpiranja izbranih herbicidov (Lumax, Primextra Gold 720 SC in Primextra 500 tekoči) za standardne t. im. scenarije FOCUS, kot tudi za specifične okoljske scenarije, ki so značilni za Apaško dolino. Uporabili smo dolgoletne dnevne podatke z meteorološke postaje Murska Sobota in pedološke podatke treh izbranih profilov na območju Apaške doline: obrečnih tal, hipogleja in psevdogleja. Ugotovili smo, da so pri standardnih scenarijih FOCUS ocene izpiranja izbranih FFS v modelu PEARL v splošnem večje kot pa v modelu PELMO, v specifičnih (realnih) scenarijih iz Apaške doline za obdobje 1984-2009 pa se je ta ugotovitev potrdila le v izbranih (najobčutljivejših) plitvih obrečnih tleh, medtem ko so v drugih dveh talnih profilih nekoliko višje ocene izpiranja izbranih herbicidov pokazali rezultati PELMO modela.

Ključne besede: fitofarmacevtska sredstva, izpiranje, modeliranje, tla, podtalnica, FOCUS scenariji

 

IZVLEČEK

COMPARISON OF PELMO AND PEARL FOCUS MODELS FOR ASSESSING HERBICIDE LEACHING IN THE THREE SELECTED SOIL TYPES IN THE APAČE VALLEY AREA

FOCUS PELMO 3.3.2 and PEARL 3.3.3 are well established models for predicting pesticide leaching and can be used also for the pesticide registration purposes in the EU Member States. Results of both models were compared, namely the predicted leached concentrations of selected herbicides (Lumax Primextra Gold 720 SC and Primextra 500 liquid) for the standard FOCUS scenarios, as well as for the specific environmental scenarios that are typical for Apače Valley. Long term daily data from meteorological station Murska Sobota and soil data of three selected soil profiles (Fluvisol, Gleysol, and Stagnosol) were used. The results demonstrate that predicted leached concentrations of selected herbicides under standard FOCUS scenarios are in PEARL generally higher than in PELMO model, however under specific (realistic) scenarios in Apače Valley for the period 1984-2009, this finding is confirmed only in selected (the most vulnerable) shallow Fluvisol soil, while the predicted leached concentrations in the other two soil profiles are slightly higher when using PELMO model.

Key words: pesticides, leaching, modeling, soil, groundwater, FOCUS scenarios

  

Participativno raziskovanje večnamenskosti Krakovskih vrtov kot podlage za ohranitev zaščitene mestne kmetijske kulturne dediščine

Katja VADNAL, Marijana JAKŠE, Vesna ALIČ, Danica JEREB-BOLKA 

ABSTRACT

Krakovski vrtovi, ki imajo dolgo in zanimivo zgodovino, se danes smiselno umeščajo v mestno kmetijstvo in to toliko bolj, ker je njihova tradicionalna raba zavarovana kot kulturna dediščina. Vendar so Krakovski vrtovi danes v slabem stanju, ki se še slabša. Cilj raziskave je analizirati, ali bi bil model prenove in ohranjanja Krakovskih vrtov, ki bi izhajal iz načel večnamenskega mestnega kmetijstva, sprejemljiv za relevantne déležnike: lastnike zemljišč, Četrtno skupnost Trnovo, Mestno občino Ljubljana in meščane. Uporabljeni sta metodi ankete in participativnega raziskovanja. Lastniki zemljišč so modelu bolj nenaklonjeni kot naklonjeni. Četrtna skupnost Trnovo je modelu naklonjena, skeptična pa je glede njegove realizacije. Tudi Mestna občina Ljubljana je modelu naklonjena, pri čemer je potrebno upoštevati, da ne izvaja ukrepov na področju javne koristi vrtov kot kulturne dediščine. Meščanom za vrtove ni mar, le pozidati bi se jih ne smelo. Rezultati raziskave sprožajo tudi novo vprašanje, in sicer: ali za ohranitev sploh obstaja avtentičen javni interes, čeprav je javna korist normativno izražena. V tem kontekstu bi bilo smiselno sprožiti razpravo med déležniki, v katerem bi se dorekla tako javni interes glede Krakovskih vrtov kot tudi javna korist od njih v sedanjih razmerah.

Ključne besede: večnamensko kmetijstvo, mestno kmetijstvo, varstvo kulturne dediščine participativno raziskovanje, Krakovski vrtovi, Ljubljana

IZVLEČEK

MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLE OF KRAKOVO GARDENS AS LEGALLY PROTECTED ENTITY OF URBAN AGRICULTURE – THE STAKEHOLDERS' VIEW

ABSTRACT

Having a long and interesting past, Krakovo gardens today make a coherent part of urban agriculture, particularly as their traditional land use has been protected as cultural heritage. But the condition of Krakovo gardens is extremely bad, becoming increasingly worse. To test the acceptability for the relevant stakeholders, land owners, Quarter Trnovo, Municipality of Ljubljana, and townspeople, of the multifunctional urban agricultural model of revitalising and maintaining Krakovo gardens, is the aim of this research. The methods of participatory research and of survey are used. Land owners are more adverse to than in favour of the model. Quarter Trnovo is well disposed to the model, but sceptical in terms of its practical implementation. Municipality of Ljubljana is inclined to the model, but it actually takes no action with regard to public good of the gardens as protected cultural heritage. The townspeople do not care about the gardens, as long as they are not built up. The results of this research rise v new question, whether there is an authentic public interest to preserve the gardens although public good is legally expressed. In this context a discussion between stakeholders should be launched to define public interest in Krakovo gardens, as well as their public good under the actual circumstances.

Key words: multifunctional agriculture, urban agriculture, cultural heritage protection, participatory research, Krakovo gardens, Ljubljana.

 

Ohranjanje medgeneracijske kontinuitete kot pogoj za zagotavljanje socialne varnosti starejše generacije kmečkega prebivalstva

Boštjan KERBLER  

 

ABSTRACT

V prispevku izhajamo iz spoznanja, da je eden od temeljnih pogojev za zagotavljanje socialne varnosti starejše generacije kmečkega prebivalstva uspešen prenos kmetij na mlajšo generacijo. Ker se mladi vse redkeje odločajo za prevzeme kmetij, kar je v Sloveniji značilno predvsem za hribovska območja, smo preučili, kateri dejavniki vplivajo na nasledstvo na kmetijah. Raziskava je pokazala, da imajo najbolj izrazit vpliv dejavniki, skozi katere se odražajo tradicija oziroma tradicionalni vzorci mišljenj in ravnanj ter stališča, percepcije in mnenja gospodarjev, predvsem pa dejavniki, ki izražajo ekonomsko moč kmetij. V zaključku prispevka so navedeni nekateri predlogi, na podlagi katerih bi se mladi za prevzemanje kmetij in ohranjanje kmetijske dejavnosti na njih pogosteje odločali, s tem pa tudi za zagotavljanje ustrezne socialne varnost nekdanjih gospodarjev in njegovih partnerjev po predaji kmetij naslednikom.

Ključne besede: hribovske kmetije, nasledstvo na kmetijah, prevzemanje kmetij, kmetje, starejši ljudje, skrb za starejše

 

IZVLEČEK

MAINTENANCE OF INTERGENERATIONAL CONTINUITY AS A CONDITION FOR ENSURING THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF OLDER GENERATION OF FARM POPULATION

The paper is based on the finding that the successful transfer of farms to the younger generation is one of the basic conditions for ensuring social security for the elderly generation of farm population. Since young people are less and less interested for farm takeovers, in Slovenia this is mostly typical for mountain areas, the factors that affect farm succession were examined. It turned out that the most distinctive influence have factors reflecting the tradition or traditional way of thinking and acting, as well as the factors reflecting householders’ viewpoints, perceptions and opinions, and in particular the factors that reflect the economic power of a farm. Some proposals for rising of decisions among young people for farm takeovers, and thereby also for ensuring an adequate social security of former householders and their partners after the farm transfers are given in conclusion.

Key words: mountain farms, farm succession, farm takeovers, farmers, elderly people, care for the elderly

Ščitaste stenice (Pentatomidae) kot škodljivci gojenih rastlin in načini njihovega zatiranja

Tanja BOHINC, Stanislav TRDAN

IZVLEČEK

Šestdeset odstotkov vseh znanih vrst stenic (Heteroptera) spada med fitofage. Gospodarsko pomembnejše vrste spadajo v skupini Cimicomorpha in Pentatomomorpha, predstavnikom slednje pa pripisujemo zaradi škodljivosti na gojenih rastlinah vse večji pomen. Družina Pentatomidae je po številčnosti na tretjem mestu, v Sloveniji in bližnjih državah pa je gospodarsko najbolj škodljiva pisana stenica (Eurydema ventrale Kolenati). Njen pomen je vse večji tudi zato, ker za njeno zatiranje na križnicah, kjer se pojavlja najbolj številno, nimamo registriranega nobenega insekticida, poleg tega škodljivec nima znanega učinkovitega naravnega sovražnika. Kljub temu pa je mogoče z uporabo nekaterih okoljsko sprejemljivih načinov zatiranja stenic zmanjšati njihovo številčnost pod prag gospodarske škodljivosti. Pri tem je zelo pomembna izbira gostiteljskih rastlin, tako z namenom izkoriščanja njihove naravne odpornosti na napad škodljivca, kot tudi ustrezne izbire drugih načinov njihovega zatiranja (vmesni posevki, privabilni posevki idr.).

Ključne besede: ščitaste stenice, Pentatomidae, sistematika, morfologija, bionomija, škodljivost, zatiranje

ABSTRACT

STINK BUGS (Pentatomidae) AS CROP PESTS AND METHODS OF THEIR CONTROL

Sixty percent of all known true bugs (Heteroptera) are phytophagous. Economically the most important species belong to Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha groups. The representatives of the latter are specially important, since they are harmful on cultivated plants. The Pentatomidae family is the 3rd largest from the Heteroptera (sub)order, and its the most harmful representative in Slovenia and in neighbouring countries is Eurydema ventrale. It is specially important because of the lack of insecticides registered against this pest in Brassica crops, where it occur most numerously. Beside this the species does not have any efficient natural enemy. Notwithstanding it is possible to reduce the number of E. ventrale below the economic threshold with the use of some environmentally acceptable control measures. In this context the choice of suitable host plants is very important, especially with the aim of use their natural resistance as well as for the purposes of other environmentally acceptable control measures (intercropping, trap crops etc.).

Key words: stink bugs, Pentatomidae, systematics, morphology, bionomics, damage, control

 

Selen in njegove zvrsti v okolju

Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ

IZVLEČEK

Selen (Se) je esencialen element za ljudi in živali, za rastline pa njegova esencialnost še ni dokazana. Številne študije so tudi pokazale, da imajo nekatere organske oblike Se antikancerogeno delovanje proti določenim oblikam raka. Se je prisoten v tleh (naravno ali zaradi antropogenih vplivov) in pride v prehranjevalno verigo prek rastlin. Se se v okolju nahaja tako v anorganski kot v organski obliki, vključujoč selenoaminokisline in metilirane zvrsti. Sposobnost nekaterih rastlin, da akumulirajo in transformirajo anorganske oblike Se v bioaktivne organske oblike, pomembno vpliva na prehrano in s tem na človekovo zdravje. Esencialnost Se za rastline še ni bila dokazana, vendar so nekatere rastline sposobne absorbirati večje količine tega elementa. Nekatere rastline (vrste iz rodov Astragalus, Stanleya, Morinda in Neptunia) na eni strani lahko akumulirajo več tisoč miligramov Se kg-1 suhe snovi (Se akumulirajoče rastline), na drugi strani pa imamo rastline, ki vsebujejo manj kot 25 mg Se kg-1 suhe snovi (Se neakumulirajoče rastline). V tretjo skupino sodijo Se sekundarno akumulirajoče rastline iz rodov Aster, Atriplex, Castilleja …, ki dobro uspevajo na tleh, bogatih s Se, rastejo pa tudi, če je Se manj, in akumulirajo do 1.000 mg Se kg-1 suhe snovi. Rastline se pred visokimi koncentracijami Se branijo tako, da ohranjajo koncentracijo SeCys in SeMet v celicah, da povečujejo tvorbo nebeljakovinskih aminokislin, da izključijo SeCys iz beljakovin ali s pretvorbo Se v hlapne spojine.

Ključne besede: selen, zvrsti, okolje, rastline

 

ABSTRACT

SELENIUM AND ITS SPECIES IN THE ENVIRONMENT

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, but there is no evidence if plants need it. Moreover, several studies have suggested that some organic forms of Se could show anticarcinogenic properties against certain types of cancer. Se is present in soil (naturally or due to anthropogenic activities) and can enter the food chain through plants. In environmental samples, Se can be found in inorganic and organic forms, including selenoaminoacids and metylathed compounds. The ability of several plants to accumulate and transform inorganic forms of Se into bioactive organic compounds has important implications for human nutrition and health. Se essentiality for plants has not yet been proven, but many plants are capable of accumulating higher concentratios of Se compounds. Certain native plants (as species of Astragalus, Stanleya, Morinda and Neptunia) are able to accumulate several thousand milligrams of Se kg-1 dry weight in their tissues (Se accumulators). On the other hand, most crop plants contain less than 25 mg Se kg-1 dry weight (Se nonaccumulators). A third category of plants (Aster, Atriplex, Castilleja …), grown on soils of low-to-medium Se content and accumulate up to 1,000 mg Se kg-1 dry weight (secondary Se accumulators). The resistance to excessive Se has been related to the formation of organoselenium compounds (SeCys and SeMet) that can not be incorporated into proteins and also the ability of these plants to convert Se into volatile species.

Key words: selenium, species, environment, plants